江苏沿海化工快速发展的空间格局、环境响应和战略管理对策

江苏省的化工产业污染正呈现向沿海地区快速转移的趋势.为此,本研究首先利用Landsat TM遥感数据快速识别江苏沿海化工园区,并与GIS结合分析其空间分布格局;接着分析各化工园区与饮用水源地、重要生态敏感区距离及所处区域人口密度,计算各化工园区对周边生态系统的污染胁迫度;然后根据空间分布格局及污染胁迫度计算结果确定8个...     

铁屑内电解技术的强化方式及改进措施研究进展

铁屑内电解技术以铁屑为阳极牺牲材料,通过阴极活性炭的催化作用,能够廉价高效地处理生物难降解的含卤代化合物、硝基芳香族化合物、偶氮染料和高价态重金属等废水,具有良好的应用前景.本文介绍了铁屑内电解技术的反应过程和机理,总结分析了铁屑内电解过程的强化方式及其在工业废水处理方面的研究及应用情况,近年来铁屑内电解反应器和填料的...     

Effects of spatial resolution of remotely sensed data on estimating urban impervious surfaces

Impervious surfaces are the result of urbanization that can be explicitly quantified, managed and controlled at each stage of land development. It is a very useful environmental indicator that can be used to measure the impacts of urbanization on surface runoff, water quality, air quality, biodiversity and microclimate. Therefore, accurate estimation of impervious surfaces is critical for urban environmental monitoring, land management, decision-making and urban planning. Many approaches have been developed to estimate surface imperviousness, using remotely sensed data with various spatial resolutions. However, few studies, have investigated the effects of spatial resolution on estimating surface imperviousness. We compare medium-resolution Landsat data with high-resolution SPOT images to quantify the imperviousness in Beijing, China. The results indicated that the overall 91% accuracy of estimates of imperviousness based on TM data was considerably higher than the 81% accuracy of the SPOT data. The higher resolution SPOT data did not always predict the imperviousness of the land better than the TM data. At the whole city level, the TM data better predicts the percentage cover of impervious surfaces. At the sub-city level, however, the ring belts from the central core to the urban-rural peripheral, the SPOT data may better predict the imperviousness. These results highlighted the need to combine multiple resolution data to quantify the percentage of imperviousness, as higher resolution data do not necessarily lead to more accurate estimates. The methodology and results in this study can be utilized to identify the most suitable remote sensing data to quickly and efficiently extract the pattern of the impervious land, which could provide the base for further study on many related urban environmental problems.     

天然气集输站泄漏监控系统研究

为克服目前天然气集输站站控系统存在的主要技术问题,探讨了建立泄漏监控安全系统的技术要求.该系统应用负压波检漏技术、模式识别技术和虚拟仪器技术,实现了.对天然气泄漏的信号检测、处理、传输和实时动态显示等.借助于这些技术开发的天然气泄漏监控系统,具有数据处理准确可靠,精度高,误报率低等特点.通过该系统,可以及时获取相关参数和信息,实现早期预警,降低天然气泄漏的事故风险.     

Where clocks are redundant: weak circadian mechanisms in reindeer living under polar photic conditions

Biological rhythms are a result of interplay between endogenous clocks and the ambient light–dark (LD) cycle. Biological timing in resident polar organisms presents a conundrum because these experience distinct daily LD cycles for only a few weeks each year. We measured locomotor activity in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus (SR, n = 5 and 6) and R. tarandus tarandus (NR, n = 6), ranging freely at 78 and 70°N, respectively, continuously throughout 1 year using data loggers. NR, but not SR, are gregarious which enabled us to examine the integrated effects of differences in social organisation and the photic environment at two different latitudes on the organisation of activity. In both sub-species, ultradian bouts of activity and inactivity alternated across the 24-h day throughout the year. This pattern was modified by the LD cycle in NR but barely at all in SR. Periodogram analysis revealed significant ultradian rhythmicity in both sub-species; the frequency of daily cycles of activity increased from three per day in winter to nearly five in summer. We conclude that this increase, and a concomitant increase in the level of daily activity, reflected the seasonal increase in the animals’ appetite and the quality of their forage. Secondly, the combination, most evident in SR, of a weak photic response, weak circadian mechanisms and a weak social synchronization reduces the constraints of biological timing in an environment which is effectively non-rhythmic most of the year and permits expression of the basic ultradian pattern of ruminant activity. Third, the weaker 24-h rhythmicity in SR compared to NR indicates a latitudinal decrease in circadian organization and photic responsiveness in Rangifer.     

Impact of fertilization on chestnut growth, N and P concentrations in runo water on degraded slope land in South China

Growing fruit trees on the slopes of rolling hills in South China was causing serious environmental problems because of heavy application of chemical fertilizers and soil erosion. Suitable sources of fertilizers and proper rates of applications were of key importance to both crop yields and environmental protection. In this article, the impact of four fertilizers, i.e., inorganic compound fertilizer, organic compound fertilizer, pig manure compost, and peanut cake （peanut oil pressing residue）, on chestnut （Castanea mollissima Blume） growth on a slope in South China, and on the total N and total P concentrations in runoff waters have been investigated during two years of study, with an orthogonal experimental design. Results show that the organic compound fertilizer and peanut cake promote the heights of young chestnut trees compared to the control. In addition, peanut cake increases single-fruit weights and organic compound fertilizer raises single-seed weights. All the fertilizers increased the concentrations of total N and total P in runoff waters, except for organic compound fertilizer, in the first year experiment. The observed mean concentrations of total N varied from 1.6 mg/L to 3.2 mg/L and P from 0.12 mg/L to 0.22 mg/L, which were increased with the amount of fertilizer applications, with no pattern of direct proportion. On the basis of these experiment results, organic compound fertilizer at 2 kg/tree and peanut cake at 1 kg/tree are recommended to maximize chestnut growth and minimize water pollution.     

闽江口半咸水沼泽湿地土壤甲烷产生过程及硫酸盐还原对其抑制作用研究

甲烷产生和硫酸盐还原是湿地土壤有机物在厌氧条件下碳矿化的两个重要过程,硫酸盐还原对甲烷产生具有明显的抑制作用.本文以闽江口鳝鱼滩半咸水短叶茳芏沼泽湿地为研究对象,通过室内厌氧培养测定了土壤甲烷产生速率、硫酸盐还原对甲烷产生的抑制速率以及研究其抑制率的垂直分布和季节动态,并运用地统计方法量化了土壤甲烷产生速率、硫酸盐还原对甲烷产生的抑制速率的水平空间格局.短叶茳芏沼泽湿地100 cm深度土壤甲烷产生速率年均值为(0.67±0.33)μg·d-1·g-1(dry weight,dw)硫酸盐还原对甲烷产生的抑制速率均值为(0.87±0.55)μg·d-1·g-1(dw).年尺度上,土壤深度对于甲烷产生速率具有显著的影响(p=0.007),而硫酸盐还原抑制对甲烷产生的抑制速率在不同土壤深度则无显著差异(p=0.472),硫酸盐还原对甲烷产生的抑制率范围为62.6%~66.3%;在100 m2空间范围和1m2空间分辨率情景下,甲烷产生速率及硫酸盐还原对甲烷产生抑制速率的变异系数均超过100%,表现出极强的空间变异性;同时,甲烷产生速率、硫酸盐还原对甲烷产生的抑制速率的块金效应值分别为0.85和0.95,表明空间自相关性极弱.     

Geostatistical analysis on the spatial pattern of Pinus tabulaeformis population at different habitats in the Lingkong Mountain北大核心CSCD

In order to reveal the distribution pattern and spatial correlation of Pinus tabulaeformis population, this research used geostatistical theory and methods to examine the distribution pattern and spatial correlation of P. tabulaeformis population in different habitats of the Lingkong Mountain. The results showed that the semivariograms well fitted the exponential model for P. tabulaeformis populations at the mountain ridge, and the spherical model for those in slow slopes and valley areas. All three populations showed aggregated pattern. The spatial heterogeneity of the habitats of ridge, slow slope and valley was mostly due to the spatial autocorrelation in the ranges of 11.16 m, 9.99 m and 4.74 m, respectively. The populations at the ridges and gentle slopes showed greater sill values and determinant coefficient but lower fractal dimension than the pines in valleys, indicating that the first two habitats are characterized by higher degree of spatial heterogeneity and more significant spatial patterns, which is not found in the valley populations. Therefore the variations in the spatial distribution patterns of P. tabulaeformis populations is likely resulted from both the intrinsic biological characteristics and the environmental factors.     

Decomposition dynamic of higher plant pigments by HPLC analysis

IntroductionHigh performanceliquidchromatographic (HPLC )systemsweredevelopedforhigherplantpigmentsinthelate1970’sandearly 1980’s .Subsequently ,morecomplexHPLCsystemsweredevelopedforchlorophyllsandcarotenoidsfrommicroalgaeandnaturalphytoplanktonpopulations(Gieskes,1991;Hodgson ,1997;Bris,1998) .Bothreversedphaseandnormalphasesystemswereused .TheHPLCtechniquewasusedmorerecentlyforplantpigmentanalysis,andithasledtoasignificantincreaseinseparationandinthenumberofpigmentsthatcanbeidentifi…     

1986-2020年上海苏州河水质时空变化特征

以1986-2020年苏州河水质监测数据为依据,将水质变化过程划分成1986-1996年、1997-2006年和2007-2020年3个阶段,系统分析了苏州河水质状况及多年时空变化特征。结果表明,在第1阶段(1986-1996年),苏州河整体处于重度污染水平,从上游到下游水质显著恶化,市区段污染严重;在第2阶段(1997-2006年),苏州河市区段水质显著改善,有机污染指标消除劣Ⅴ类,氨氮和总磷仍处于较高污染水平,上下游水质逐渐趋同;在第3阶段(2007-2020年),苏州河水质持续改善,特别是2016年以来改善明显,2020年水质达到34年来的最好水平。苏州河水质改善与上海市实施的全市及苏州河多轮环境综合治理工程、上游来水水质改善等密切相关,反映了苏州河30多年环境综合治理的突出成效,并为城市黑臭水体治理提供经验。