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151.
J.F. Cooper S.Q. Zheng L. Palcy C.M. Coste 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):443-457
Abstract Behaviour of the herbicide pendimethalin [N‐(l‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine] was evaluated in plain field under wet tropical conditions (Martinique, FWI) and in the Mediterranean area (Languedoc, South of France). Simultaneously, adsorption parameters were discussed with Freundlich equation, and desorption evaluated using a model with two compartments corresponding to two different energy levels. Pendimethalin showed a strong adsorption in all three soils and was very difficult to desorb. Higher clay content in tropical vertisol and ferrisol involved adsorption parameters (Kfa) higher than the one found in the Mediterranean fluvisol. Although heavy rainfalls in the tropics intervene on migration, pendimethalin propensity to leaching is levelled by its strong adsorption potential and appears very limited under the conditions chosen during this work. Half‐life of the compound (in the 0–25 cm soil layer) varied from 13 to 17 days. Pendimethalin was also classified as a “non‐leacher” compound using the “Gustafson model”. 相似文献
152.
Tsunami Survey Expedition: Preliminary Investigation of Maldivian Coral Reefs Two Weeks After the Event 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
On December 26th 2004, a earthquake west of Sumatra generated a devastating tsunami. Hundreds of thousands of people fell
victim. Economic losses were greatest in those countries dependant on tourism. The impact in the Maldives on persons and things
was modest. Immediately following the event and notwithstanding the lack of scientific data, the mass media gave catastrophic
reports on the state of coral reefs in the area. This paper reports on the first survey on coral reefs in the Maldives after
the Tsunami. Ocean walls, passes, inner reefs, and shoals in the North and South Malé atolls, were surveyed two weeks after
the event. Significant damage was recorded in the passes in the South Malé atoll. Our observations showed that the damage
was more or less extensive depending on latitude and topography. Sri Lanka may have broken the wave’s rush, reducing the extent
of the impact on northern atolls. The water’s acceleration inside the passes was so intense as to cause reef collapses. The
observed damage represents a minimum fraction of the entire coral reef system. Tourist perception of the area seems unchanged.
These data may be used to disseminate correct information about the state of Maldives coral reefs, which would be useful in
relaunching local economy. 相似文献
153.
Idalina Perestrelo Luís 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2010,53(7):883-889
Since 2007, some supermarkets in Portugal have voluntarily abolished the free distribution of plastic bags, implementing a symbolic charge of €0.02 each at the same time that others still offer free plastic bags. This study assesses the influence of this voluntary measure on the reduction of plastic bags consumption, comparing clients from supermarkets that have adopted it with others who have free distribution. The reutilisation of bags reached 37% in supermarkets where customers pay a fee and was absent in supermarkets where plastic bags are free. Even the abstention of using bags, when clients buy only few products, is significantly higher in supermarkets where there are charges for plastic bags. The 2 cents charged has also induced a significant increase in optimal use of plastic bags since 52% of clients that pay for plastic bags use them so they are almost full, but only 17% do the same when they are free. Taken together, the different effects of charging for plastic bags represents a potential reduction of 64%. A mandatory tax on plastic bags is an important measure to reduce substantially the number of plastic bags consumed and to improve sustainability through the reduction of environmental, economic and social costs of pollution and waste management. 相似文献
154.
Dietmar Reinert Tetsuya Kimura Karl-Josef Gorgs 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):105-115
The authors analysed a proportional valve with electrical position feedback for its failure behaviour. Severalfailures were introduced into the feedback loop, especially into the 2 solenoids and the inductive positiontransducer. The behaviour of the valve for square and ramp reference signals was recorded and systematicallyanalysed. It was shown that failures could be detected by monitoring the residual signal from the equipmentunder control or the residual signal from the sensor. It was possible to achieve the safe position within twice thenormal response time of the valve by switching off the current of both solenoids. The application of these resultsfor a new generation of safe proportional valves is discussed. The use of the results of these investigationsobviates the need for redundancy of the electrical position monitoring arrangement in a safe proportionalvalve. 相似文献
155.
Małgorzata Milczarek Andrzej Najmiec 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):25-33
One of the dimensions treated as part of a company’s safety culture or climate is workers’ attitudes towards risk and safety. In the present study these personal aspects are defined as workers’ safety culture, which is understood as a way of acting focused on life and taking care of one’s health. A questionnaire on safety culture was filled out by 200 employees of a metallurgical enterprise. Factor analysis was used to determine empirical scales of the questionnaire, whereas variance analysis was used to test hypotheses. The results confirmed the hypotheses that people who experienced accidents, dangerous situations, and—to a lesser extent—health problems had a lower level of safety culture. Nevertheless not all of the scales determined during factor analysis turned out to be significant as far as all kinds of those undesirable situations are concerned. Proposals for future studies are formulated in the conclusion. 相似文献
156.
Terry Tudor Guy M. Robinson Mark Riley Steven Guilbert Stewart W. Barr 《Local Environment》2013,18(1):51-66
The management of municipal waste is one of the most emotive local environmental issues in the UK at present and represents a key sustainability “battleground” as local authorities seek to reduce waste arisings and encourage the reuse and recycling of materials among households. Within the literature on household waste management, a broad range of disciplinary perspectives and practical recommendations exist and it is the aim of this paper to step back and take stock of the role of households and communities in resource consumption and waste generation patterns across the UK within recent decades. By exploring the household in this context, trends in consumption and waste generation are outlined in addition to key influencing factors such as lifestyles and well-being, demographics and environment. Finally, key lessons learnt, challenges faced going forward and approaches for developing more sustainable practices at the household, community and national levels are discussed. 相似文献
157.
AbstractThis paper addresses the relevance of the demand side for the achievement of sustainable transport in urban areas. The underlying thesis is that a better understanding of user habits, perceptions and attitudes with its specific dynamics is essential for a successful design of targeted transport policies. In line with this, the paper at hand is based on research that aims at improving the knowledge of urban-transport-related habits and attitudes of young adults. The results of three interview meetings that were held in Karlsruhe, Budapest, and Copenhagen with participants aged between 20 and 30 are presented. Background of the interviews is a range of studies that indicate that young people in urban areas seem to be less interested in cars than the generation before. And indeed, the interview meetings reveal that participants had a rather pragmatic attitude towards transport modes. They wished a transport system that is flexible, convenient and cheap. Despite many differences, most participants showed rather positive attitudes towards policies supporting alternatives to car-based transport. However, it will be crucial for policy shaping to what extent the observed behaviour patterns and attitudes will persist over time. 相似文献
158.
Understanding how private landholders make deforestation decisions is of paramount importance for conservation. Behavioural frameworks from the social sciences have a lot to offer researchers and practitioners, yet these insights remain underutilised in describing what drives landholders’ deforestation intentions under important political, social, and management contexts. Using survey data of private landholders in Queensland, Australia, we compare the ability of two popular behavioural models to predict future deforestation intentions, and propose a more integrated behavioural model of deforestation intentions. We found that the integrated model outperformed other models, revealing the importance of threat perceptions, attitudes, and social norms for predicting landholders’ deforestation intentions. Social capital, policy uncertainty, and years of experience are important contextual moderators of these psychological factors. We conclude with recommendations for promoting behaviour change in this deforestation hotspot and highlight how others can adopt similar approaches to illuminate more proximate drivers of environmental behaviours in other contexts.Supplementary informationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01491-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
159.
M. Ilic F.-H. Haegel S. Zlatanovic N. Potkonjak B. Simonovic 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(2):82-85
Microemulsion polymerization is widely used as a cleaner alternative way to prepare intrinsically conductive polymers. We
studied isothermal phase diagrams for microemulsions of the electropolymerizable heterocyclic aromatic oil 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
(EDOT), aqueous LiClO4 solution and alkyl polyethoxylate. Our specific goal was to assess the effect of LiClO4 salt on the phase behaviour. The phase behaviour was characterized by stepwise titration and microscopic analyses. Here we
found that the increase of the concentration of LiClO4 salt shifts the microemulsion region to lower surfactant content. 相似文献
160.