长直链烷基苯的异常分布及其成因探讨

来自楚雄盆地三叠系地层的三个沥青样品长直链烷基苯在C16～C20范围内具强烈的偶碳优势。正构烷烃和烷基环己烷与烷基苯分布的差异表明:偶碳数烷基苯不可能来自直链脂肪酸,也不可能来自一些细菌和某些藻类生物体中的环己基脂肪酸,它可能是成岩作用阶段,在矿物催化作用下偶数碳醇与生物体中简单的芳烃化合物进行烷基化反应抑或是在深成作用早期,长链偶碳数伯醇通过自由基反应与存在于干酪根中苯进行烷基化作用而形成。烷基苯这一分布特征与热演化没有相关关系。     

Characteristics and source identification of fine particulate n-alkanes in Beijing, China

Ambient particulate n-alkanes were determined for fine particle (PM2:5) samples collected from Sep 2003 to July 2004 in Beijing, China. The average concentration of total n-alkanes (Pn-alkanes) from C11 to C34 was 425.72 ng/m3, ranged from 7.02 to 2893.28 ng/m3. The concentration distributions of n-alkanes homologues in this study exhibited peaks at C21 and C29 in heating season, and C29 in non-heating season. The average carbon preference index (CPI) value was 1.88 in the range of 1.18–3.88. The maximum CPI in summer indicated the contribution of biogenic origins such as plant wax; while the minimum CPI value in winter was probably a result of fossil fuel combustion. Preliminary estimation from these results showed that 59% of the n-alkanes in PM2:5 in Beijing summer originated from plant wax, while 74%–88% was from fossil fuel combustion in other three seasons. Source estimation was further performed using principal component analysis method. Two major components were yielded accounting for 57.3% and 30.9% of the total variance, which presented the fossil fuel and biogenic contribution, respectively.     

大孔径冲孔翻边一次成型的设计

此文主要根据冲压件“前顶梁”冲孔翻边一次成型模设计的实践经验,提出大孔径冲孔翻边一次成型的工艺分析和计算及典型结构的设计,突破了冲孔与翻边同时进行只能在Φ8以下圆孔翻边的局限,并成功地一次试模合格,为类似的圆孔翻边在Φ8以上提供了宝贵的经验。     

洗柱废液的分析与再利用

本文通过对医药ＰＧ０５生产过程中产生的洗柱废液进行气相色谱分析，建立了洗柱废液二氯甲烷、甲醇的色谱分析条件，并且进行定性、定量的分析，从而达到重新利用的目的．该方法已在东北制药总厂三分厂应用．     

Larval host plant origin modifies the adult oviposition preference of the female European grapevine moth <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lobesia botrana</Emphasis>

According to the 'natal habitat preference induction' (NHPI) hypothesis, phytophagous insect females should prefer to lay their eggs on the host species on which they developed as larvae. We tested whether this hypothesis applies to the breeding behaviour of polyphagous European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, an important pest in European vineyards. We previously found that different grape cultivars affect several life history traits of the moth. Because the different cultivars of grapes are suspected to provide different plant quality, we tested the NHPI hypothesis by examining oviposition choice of L. botrana among three Vitis vinifera cultivars (Pinot, Chasselas and Chardonnay). In a choice situation, females of L. botrana that had never experienced grapes were able to discriminate between different grape cultivars and preferentially selected Pinot as an oviposition substrate. This 'naive' preference of oviposition could be modified by larval environment: Females raised on grapes as larvae preferred to lay eggs on the cultivar that they had experienced. Furthermore, experience of the host plant during adult emergence could be excluded because when pupae originating from our synthetic diet were exposed to grapes, the emerging adults did not show preference for the cultivar from which they emerged. The NHPI hypothesis that includes the two sub-hypothesis "Hopkins host selection principle" and "chemical legacy" may thus be relevant in this system.     

<Emphasis Type="Bold">Chronodisruption and cancer</Emphasis>

Research into health effects of chronodisruption (CD), a relevant disturbance of the circadian organization of physiology, endocrinology, metabolism and behaviour, is evolving at a rapid pace. With regard to malignancies, our synthesis of key experiments indicates that CD can play a causal role for cancer growth and tumor progression in animals. Moreover, our meta-analyses of 30 epidemiological studies evince that flight personnel and shift workers exposed to chronodisruption may have increased breast and prostate cancer risks: summary relative risks (RRs) for investigations of flight personnel and of shift workers suggested a 70 and 40% increase in the risk of breast cancer, respectively, and excess relative risks of prostate cancer in nine studies in flight personnel (40%) and in two studies in male shift workers. There was a remarkable indication of homogeneity of results from the individual studies that contribute to the average statistics. However, in view of doubts about whether the differing assessments of CD can really be regarded as valid reflections of the same causative phenomenon and the lack of control of covariates in the majority of studies, it is premature to conclude that the risk observations reflect a real, rather than spurious, association with CD. The challenge for future epidemiological investigations of the biologically plausible links between chronodisruption and human cancers is to conduct studies which appreciate details of transmeridian travelling, of shift work and of covariates for the development of the diseases.     

Influence of indoor transport and mixing time scales on the performance of sensor systems for characterizing contaminant releases

Optimizing real-time sensor systems to detect and identify relevant characteristics of an indoor contaminant event is a challenging task. The interpretation of incoming sensor data is confounded by uncertainties in building operation, in the forces driving contaminant transport, and in the physical parameters governing transport. In addition, simulation tools used by the sensor interpretation algorithm introduce modeling uncertainties. This paper explores how the time scales inherent in contaminant transport influence the information that can be extracted from real-time sensor data. In particular, we identify three time scales (within room mixing, room-to-room transport, and removal from the building) and study how they affect the ability of a Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC) sensor interpretation algorithm to identify the release location and release mass from a set of experimental data, recorded in a multi-floor building. The research shows that some limitations in the BMC approach do not depend on details of the models or the algorithmic implementation, but rather on the physics of contaminant transport. These inherent constraints have implications for the design of sensor systems.     

农业生产性服务对农户耕地质量保护行为的影响——来自江汉平原水稻主产区的证据

利用江汉平原水稻种植农户调查数据,建立Ordered Probit模型,讨论农业生产性服务对农户耕地质量保护行为的影响,揭示服务规模经营促进农户耕地质量保护行为的理论机制和现实逻辑。研究表明：（1）目前农户对修整农田水渠、施用农家肥、测土配方施肥、秸秆还田四类典型耕地质量保护措施的采纳比例分别为17.79%、17.31%、7.89%和90.69%;（2）控制其他条件不变,农业生产性服务能显著促进农户耕地质量保护行为,经检验后该结论依然稳健;（3）排除秸秆还田这一强制性措施后,生活型农户偏向采纳资本投入型技术,生产型农户则更偏好劳动投入型技术;（4）较之于生产型农户,农业生产性服务对生活型农户采纳耕地质量保护措施的促进作用更强。     

Long-term trends and short-term variability of water quality in Skive Fjord, Denmark – nutrient load and mussels are the primary pressures and drivers that influence water quality

Nineteen years of monitoring data from the eutrophic Skive Fjord, Denmark were examined for linkages to external pressures and drivers, including nutrient inputs, meteorology and stocks of blue mussels. Linkages were examined by: 1) time-series analysis to document effects of nutrient reduction programs, 2) Pearson Rank correlations, 3) multivariate statistical analysis (PLS) to identify water quality variables with high predictability and their linkages to pressures, and 4) regression analysis to quantify relationships between pressures and water quality. Freshwater input, nitrogen load and phosphorus load showed decreasing trends through the period 1984–2002. The load reductions were only partially translated into trends in water quality: phosphorus decreased in most seasons, while total nitrogen decreased during winter and spring only. Phosphorus concentration had the highest predictability (explained by seasonal temperature variation) followed by transparency, silicate, tot-N, chlorophyll-a, primary productivity, phytoplankton diversity and phytoplankton turnover. The variation in pressures other than nutrient input confounded the relations between loads and water quality. High biomass of mussels led to reduced chlorophyll-a and increased transparency, while short-term variability in water column mixing led to changes in chlorophyll-a due to nutrient entrainment and coupling to benthic mussels.     

河南省入境旅游市场时空演变规律研究

在分析河南省入境旅游市场发展现状的基础上,应用地理集中指数、亲景度和竞争态三种市场指标体系和EXCEL统计软件对河南入境旅游客源市场进行分析,揭示了河南入境旅游市场时空演替规律.据此划分河南入境旅游的重点市场、主要市场、潜在市场和机会市场,并提出了进一步拓展河南入境旅游客源市场的几点建议.