有机氯化物分子连接性与毒性的相关性

导出了用一阶价分子连接性指数（Ｘ）预测有机氯化物对Ｊｉａ卑鱼毒性（ｌｏｇＬＣ５０）的相关方程。分子连接指数由化合物的分子结构很容易计算出。该相关性方程含有两个变量，预测有机氯化物的毒性范围达３．５个数量级。其相关系数和标准差分别为０．９８１和０．１９。应用该相关方法可以预测大范围有机氯化物的毒性。     

Carbamazepine degradation by heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate with lanthanum cobaltite perovskite: Performance, mechanism and toxicity

The widely used carbamazepine(CBZ) is one of the most persistent pharmaceuticals and suffers insufficient removal efficiency by conventional wastewater treatment.A synthesized Co-based perovskite(LaCoO_3) was used to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS) in order to degrade CBZ.Results showed that LaCoO_3 exhibited an excellent performance in PMS activation and CBZ degradation at neutral pH,with low cobalt leaching.The results of FT-IR and XPS verified the high structurally and chemically stability of LaCoO_3 in PMS activation.Electron spin resonance(ESR) analysis suggested the generation of radical species,such as sulfate radicals(SO_4·~-) and hydroxyl radicals(·OH).Radical quenching experiments further revealed the responsibility of SO_4·~-as the dominant oxidant for CBZ oxidation.Ten products were detected via the oxidation of CBZ,with the olefinic double bond attacked by SO_4·~-as the initial step.Hydroxylation,hydrolysis,cyclization and dehydration were involved along the transformation of CBZ.The toxicity of CBZ solution was significantly reduced after treating by PMS/LaCoO_3.     

矿物纤维粉尘的环境健康效应研究

研究者运用表面化学，电化学和细胞培养等生化方法，以及IR，XRF，UV等谱学和电子微束手段，通过对主要6类不同形态矿物粉尘的特征，表面官能团和活性位分析以及电化学，溶解，毒性研究等，提出了表面介体的概念并初步验证了它的存在，从表面官能团，表面综合性状探讨了矿物纤维材料的表面化学活性一生物活性－生物持久性－生物毒性－环境安全性；提出界／膜体系来研究矿物生产生物毒性的过程和所依存的条件；对矿物粉尘在Gamble溶液，血清与生物大分子，人体有机酸，氨基酸，维生素中以及动物体内行为的研究，进一步阐明了在氨基酸／蛋白质／功能膜以及含有外露蛋白质的其它有机体单元中粉尘的溶解，反应，络合与破坏，粉尘中的硅成分在体内的残留，溶解，运移方式，选择性吸附体液中的脂－醇类物质，红细胞及其残片，粉尘与体内物质交换及免疫细胞的相互作用过程，提供了降低粉尘毒性的处理方式。     

Interactions between engineered nanoparticles and dissolved organic matter: A review on mechanisms and environmental effects

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in the environment and has high reactivity. Once engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are released into natural systems, interactions of DOM with ENPs may significantly affect the fate and transport of ENPs, as well as the bioavailability and toxicity of ENPs to organisms. However, because of the complexity of DOM and the shortage of useful characterization methods, large knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of the interactions between DOM and ENPs. In this article, we systematically reviewed the interactions between DOM and ENPs, discussed the effects of DOM on the environmental behavior of ENPs, and described the changes in bioavailability and toxicity of ENPs caused by DOM. Critical evaluations of published references suggest further need for assessing and predicting the influences of DOM on the transport, transformation, bioavailability, and toxicity of ENPs in the environment.     

温州市区内河的水质毒性评价

采用分析水质理化指标及蚕豆根尖微核试验对城市内河水进行监测,并结合现场调查,评价温州市区内河水污染状况,结果表明市区内河水污染较重,并具有一定遗传毒性。     

Estimation of no effect concentrations from exposure experiments when values scatter among individuals

The parameters that are most commonly used in risk assessment, LC_x values or no observed effect concentrations, both have serious drawbacks. As an alternative, No effect concentrations (NEC) as a parameter in a process-based model, offer great potential in risk assessment.     

“生物有效性测量”与“全沉积物毒性识别评估(TIE)”联用有效识别出沉积物中主要致毒污染物

沉积物中污染物种类繁多,准确判断其中产生生物毒性的主要来源是个难点,本文作者先采用TIE法初步判断出主要致毒污染物为有机物和重金属(毒性描述阶段(相I)),传统的毒性单位分析结果显示Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn主要致毒重金属,而为氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氟虫腈为主要致毒有机物中(毒性鉴定阶段(相II))。采用4步分级提取法和Tenax提取法分析了重金属和有机物的生物有效性。生物有效性毒性单位分析更加准确地锁定了毒性主要贡献重金属为Zn、Ni和Pb,毒性主要贡献有机物为氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯和氟虫腈。沉积物的稀释降低了重金属的毒性并使其毒性贡献鉴定变得复杂,生物有效性测量可以有效地提高TIE结果的准确性。
精选自Xiaoyi Yi, Huizhen Li, Ping Ma and Jing You. Identifying the causes of sediment-associated toxicity in urban waterways in South China: Incorporating bioavailabillity-based measurements into whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 34, Issue 8, pages 1744–1750, August 2015. DOI: 10.1002/etc.2970
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.2970/full     

用鱼类急性毒性试验分析死鱼事故原因

采用鱼类急性毒性试验方法分析、判断死鱼事故原因,不仅快速、简单、灵敏、直观,社会效益好,而且解决了单用几个理化测试数据,难以分析说明死鱼事故直接原因的难题,适于推广使用。     

Respirometry-based evaluation of the fate and possible effects of antifreeze on activated sludge

This paper focuses on environmental concerns regarding used antifreeze. It shows the results of laboratory respirometric tests conducted to evaluate the potential impact of antifreeze on activated sludge. In this first step of the study, only the components of virgin antifreeze were addressed, i.e. ethylene glycol, and antifoaming and corrosion inhibitory substances. The plateau resulting from oxygen uptake rate measurements of mixed liquor taken at the end of an aeration tank is used as a reference to evaluate the response of biomass to pulse injection of increasing dosages of new antifreeze, compared to that of formaldehyde, a known toxic compound. While 200 mg/L of formaldehyde steadily decreased the biomass activity (7 mg O2/Lh), there were no toxicity effects for doses up to 5000 mg/L of ethylene glycol from new antifreeze coolant (23 mg O2/Lh, compared to the initial 15 mg O2/Lh for the mixed liquor). It is estimated that ethylene glycol concentration in municipal wastewaters should be several order of magnitude lower then the 1000 mg/L shown to be tolerated by the biomass in this work, but at the present stage, the research does not provide enough information to recommend a definitive management scheme for antifreeze discharge. Many other management issues for used antifreeze must be addressed in future studies before any decision on tolerating sewer discharge in Mexico, as a transitory management option that will conciliate the actual practices with legality, can be made.