滨海重化工选址中海洋要素研究——以泉惠石化工业区为例

从海洋自然资源支撑能力、环境制约因子、与相关规划的符合性等方面提出了滨海重化工项目选址阶段应着重考虑的海洋要素。只有在选址阶段综合考虑资源、环境、政策法规等因素,才能兼顾经济快速发展和可持续发展,避免出现海洋资源约束和生态环境约束两大瓶颈,取得经济发展与环境保护双赢。     

环境地球化学与人体健康的关系

本文探讨了环境地球化学与人体健康的关系,试图以医学与环境地球化学相结合和元素地球化学分布与生态学特征相结合的方式进一步阐述这一问题,揭示其内在联系和规律。最后从营养角度讨论了强身健体、延年益寿的方法。     

渤海近海大气颗粒物金属元素的入海通量

采集了渤海近海岛屿1 a的大气TSP样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪测定样品中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Fe、Mn、V等金属元素含量,通过模型计算各元素干湿沉降通量,分析大气颗粒物入海通量的季节性变化,结果显示各元素的干沉降通量年均值分别为:Pb 34.344 μg/(m2·d),Zn 89.273 μg/(m2·d),Cu0....     

Factors a ecting trace element content in periurban market garden subsoil in Yunnan Province, China

Field investigations were conducted to measure subsoil trace element content and factors influencing content in an intensive periurban market garden in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, South-West China. The area was divided into three di erent geomorphological units: specifically, mountain (M), transition (T) and lacustrine (L). Mean trace element content in subsoil were determined for Pb (58.2 mg/kg), Cd (0.89 mg/kg), Cu (129.2 mg/kg), and Zn (97.0 mg/kg). Strong significant relationships between trace element content in topsoil and subsoil were observed. Both Pb and Zn were accumulated in topsoil (RTS (ratio of mean trace element in topsoil to subsoil) of Pb and Zn >1.0) and Cd and Cu in subsoil (RTS of Cd and Cu 61.0). Subsoil trace element content was related to relief, stoniness, soil color, clay content, and cation exchange capacity. Except for 7.5 YR (yellow-red) color, trace element content increased with color intensity from brown to reddish brown. Significant positive relationships were observed between Fe content and that of Pb and Cu. Trace element content in mountain unit subsoil was higher than in transition and lacustrine units (M > T > L), except for Cu (T > M > L). Mean trace element content in calcareous subsoil was higher than in sandstone and shale. Mean trace element content in clay texture subsoil was higher than in sandy and sandy loam subsoil, and higher Cu and Zn content in subsoil with few mottles. It is possible to model Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn distribution in subsoil physico-chemical characteristics to help improve agricultural practice.     

Trace metal concentrations in hairs of three bat species from an urbanized area in Germany

Metal-contaminated soils and sediments are widespread in urbanized areas due to atmospheric deposition close to emission sources. These metals are bio-available for organisms, e.g., insects, and accumulate in food chains of insectivorous mammals. Especially bats, which live in urban regions and ingest large amounts of food relative to their body mass, are at risk of being poisoned due to the accumulation of trace metals. To determine species-specific trace metal contents in bats from urban environments, hair samples were analyzed by ICP-OES. Observed trace metal concentrations were related to species-specific foraging habitat, prey spectrum and degree of synanthropy. The species studied were Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Myotis daubentonii and Nyctalus noctula. P. pipistrellus showed the highest concentrations of lead and zinc and slightly higher concentrations of cadmium than the other two species, which was related to its high degree of synanthropy with foraging habitat mostly located in cities. In contrast, N. noctula displayed the highest contents of manganese and copper. The reason might be found in its prey spectrum, as N. noctula feeds mainly on beetles that are caught in cultured areas. Trace metal concentrations determined in hair samples of M. daubentonii ranged between the values of P. pipistrellus and N. noctula, probably reflecting an intermediate level of synanthropy. Positive correlations were observed between the concentrations of cadmium and lead and those of manganese and copper. Hair samples from bats are suitable monitoring tools to study trace metal exposure and can be used to determine differences in trace metal levels between species.     

吉林西部葵花种植区稀土元素地球化学特征

在吉林省西部葵花种植区采取土壤、葵花籽样品,对其中的土壤元素含量采用多种配套法测定,研究了稀土元素在土壤中的地球化学特征,并探讨了该区域稀土元素与其他元素和生物品质的相关性特征.结果表明,①农安工作区土壤稀土元素含量相对大安、通榆工作区高.土壤中稀土元素的分布模式为向右倾斜的轻稀土富集模式,与全国稀土分布模式一致.②3...     

Mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink involved in growth retardation of Vicia faba L. seedlings exposed to lanthanum ions

Effects of mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink on growth of Vicia faba L. seedlings hydroponically cultivated in concentrations of extraneous lanthanum (La) for 20 days were investigated in the present experiment. The results showed that contents of La, Cu or K elements in roots generally changed synchronously with those in leaves, while Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn or P in the roots altered inversely to those in the leaves. Thus, the extraneous La led to redistribution and imbalance of mineral nutrient elements in the roots and leaves. DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink were investigated by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate/potassium (SDS/K⁺) precipitation methods, respectively. The results demonstrated that the increasing La induced DNA break and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) in the seedlings. These results suggested that mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink were involved in the growth retardation and growth alteration of the seedlings, which may help to understand the mechanisms of rare earth elements (REEs) on plant growth.     

安全氛围要素构成与重要性排序

关键要素构成及关联排序是安全氛围研究的基础性内容.通过文献回顾和事故案例分析,提取出由安全思想与理念、领导重视、危险源识别与风险分析控制、管理方式、员工参与、安全机构及方法、安全培训、标准化和其他共9维度构成的安全氛围架构,建立了72个指标要素和要素层级模型.运用层次分析法计算出各要素的权重,实现了要素的重要性排序,指标要素总的排序结果基本反映出企业现状.研究表明, 企业领导层应保持重视安全的持续性和一致性,工作中宜改变以管理和处罚等负面刺激为主的传统模式,设法激励员工主动参与.在具体实践中,宜重点加强关于个体行为改善、安全教育培训、管理科学、交流与沟通等方面工作.     

水生生态系统对稀土元素富集作用的模拟研究

模拟研究了混合稀土进入水生生态系统后,在浮萍、鲤鱼、水及底泥中的富集和分布。结果表明,外源稀土进入水生生态系统后,在底泥和水中的含量时间波动不大,而在浮萍和鲤鱼中的含量随时间却有很大的变化。外源稀土在该水生中组分听质量以底泥中居多,约占添加稀土总量的９６％以上;进入浮萍中的稀土的添加稀土总量的０．２６－１．６１％之间,水中则在０．５４－０．９１％之间;鲤鱼中的稀土分量虽均在添加稀土总量的０．０３５