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751.
Zohra Ben Salem Xavier Laffray Ahmed Al-Ashoor Habib Ayadi Lotfi Aleya 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(4):56-68
The uptake of metals in roots and their transfer to rhizomes and above-ground plant parts (stems, leaves) of cattails (Typha latifolia L.) were studied in leachates from a domestic landfill site (Etueffont, France) and treated in a natural lagooning system. Plant parts and corresponding water and sediment samples were taken at the inflow and outflow points of the four ponds at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in the different compartments were estimated and their removal efficiency assessed, reaching more than 90% for Fe, Mn and Ni in spring and fall as well in the water compartment. The above- and below-ground cattail biomass varied from 0.21 to 0.85, and 0.34 to 1.24 kg dry weight/m2, respectively, the highest values being recorded in the fourth pond in spring 2011. The root system was the first site of accumulation before the rhizome, stem and leaves. The highest metal concentration was observed in roots from cattails growing at the inflow of the system''s first pond. The trend in the average trace element concentrations in the cattail plant organs can generally be expressed as: Fe > Mn > As > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd for both spring and fall. While T. latifolia removes trace elements efficiently from landfill leachates, attention should also be paid to the negative effects of these elements on plant growth. 相似文献
752.
北京地区不同城镇污水处理厂堆肥污泥的营养含量和重金属污染 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
研究了北京地区不同城镇污水处理厂堆肥污泥(以A、B型表示)的营养含量变化和重金属污染状况.结果表明,A、B型堆肥污泥的p H、营养成分、微量元素和重金属含量因污泥来源和年份而异.其中,A型堆肥污泥不同年份的有机质平均值为203 338.0 mg·kg-1,达到了《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置-农用泥质》(CJ/T 309-2009)和《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置-土地改良用泥质》(GB/T 24600-2009)中的标准要求,但未达到《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置-园林绿化用泥质》(GB/T 23486-2009)中的标准;而B型堆肥污泥不同年份的有机质平均值为298 531.5 mg·kg-1,A、B型堆肥污泥不同年份的p H平均值分别为7.1和7.2以及氮磷钾总养分(N+P2O5+K2O)平均值分别为41 111.7 mg·kg-1和65 901.5 mg·kg-1,均达到以上各城镇污水处理厂污泥处置类型的标准限值要求.除了Hg、Ni含量存在超标现象外,A、B型堆肥污泥中的重金属含量均低于我国最为严格的《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置-农用泥质》中A级污泥的标准限值.总体而言,北京地区不同城镇污水处理厂堆肥污泥在今后的农用、土地改良以及园林绿化处置中,存在潜在的Hg、Ni环境污染状况,须优先关注. 相似文献
753.
利用土壤元素数据2069448个,鼻咽癌死亡调查资料22560例,研究了鼻咽癌死亡率与土壤环境中61个元素质量分数的相关性。结果表明,汞、铅、硒、针、锡、钛、钽、溴、碘元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈非常显著的正相关;铪元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈显著的正相关;铟、镱、镥、铀、锆、铋、碲元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈较显著的正相关。锰、钠、镁、钙、锶元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈非常显著的负相关;钾、钡元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈较显著的负相关。钒、铷、铯、银、铝、镓、铊、钪、钇、镧、铈、钕、钆、镝、钬、铒、铥、钼、钨、铁、砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、氟、镍、锌、锂、铍、硼、镨、钐、铕、铽、锗、锑元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率无明显的相关性。 相似文献
754.
755.
In this investigation, polarographic analyses of water, sediment, and animal samples from Devil's Swamp near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, have been conducted. The focus of this work has been on detection of lead and chromium levels. Lead has been found to be relatively uniformly distributed among the various size fractions of the sediment and is present at a mean level of 18.7 µg g-1. In the water the concentration is about 15 µg L-1 of which 75% is bound in suspended particulates and the remainder is dissolved. Preliminary results indicate that more chromium than lead is present in bone and muscle of bullfrogs, and, for each metal, there is a higher concentration in muscle than bone. The mean lead muscle tissue concentration is 550 µg kg-1, which suggests that bioaccumulation of this metal is occurring, assuming that water contact or ingestion are the main routes of exposure. An important aspect of this research has been optimizing polarographic methodology for performing chromium speciation studies. Methods for determining the amounts of hexavalent and trivalent chromium in mixtures containing the two have been developed. 相似文献
756.
Remediation of metal contaminated soil with mineral-amended composts 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
van Herwijnen R Hutchings TR Al-Tabbaa A Moffat AJ Johns ML Ouki SK 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,150(3):347-354
This study examined the use of two composts derived from green waste and sewage sludge, amended with minerals (clinoptilolite or bentonite), for the remediation of metal-contaminated brownfield sites to transform them into greenspace. Soils contaminated with high or low levels of metals were mixed with the mineral-enhanced composts at different ratios and assessed by leaching tests, biomass production and metal accumulation of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The results showed that the green waste compost reduced the leaching of Cd and Zn up to 48% whereas the composted sewage sludge doubled the leachate concentration of Zn. However, the same soil amended with composted sewage sludge showed an efficient reduction in plant concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb or Zn by up to 80%. The results suggest that metal immobilisation and bioavailability are governed by the formation of complexes between the metals and organic matter. The amendment with minerals had only limited effects. 相似文献
757.
Abdallah MA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):111-123
Sediments of El-Mex Bay estuary on the southern Mediterranean Sea have been analyzed for trace metals after sediment fractionation
by sequential leaching. A sequential extraction procedure was applied to identify forms of Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Fe. The
five steps of the sequential extraction procedure partitioned metals into: CH3COONH4 extractable (F1); NaOAC carbonate extractable (F2); NH2OH.HCl/CH3COOH reducible extractable (F3); H2O2–HNO3 organic extractable (F4) and NHO3/HClO4/HF acid soluble residue (F5). Extracted concentrations of trace metals analyzed after all five steps, were found to be (μg/g)
for Mn: 1930.2, Cu: 165.3, Cd: 60.9, Cr: 386.3, Zn: 2351.3 and Fe: 10895. Most of elements were found in reducible fraction
except Fe found in acid soluble residue, characterizing stable compounds in sediments. Labile (non-residual) fractions of
trace elements (sum of the first four fractions) were analyzed because they are more bioavailable than the residual amount.
Correlation analysis was used to understand and visualize the associations between the labile fractions of trace metals and
certain forms, since Fe-and Mn-oxides play an important role in trace metals sorption within aquatic systems, especially within
El-Mex Bay sediments that characterized by varying metal bioavailability. 相似文献
758.
Achanthobrama marmid (thorn-bream) (n:24), Chondrostoma regium (nose-carp) (n:33) and Silurus glanis (wels) (n:21), and Cyprinus carpio (carp) (n:30) were collected from Sır Dam Lake in Kahramanmaraş Province. The iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel
(Ni), and lead (Pb) levels were determined in the total of 108 fish samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentrations
of heavy metals were expressed as mg kg−1 wet weight of tissue. The mean Fe and Mn levels of muscle and gill of C. carpio were 0.8–5.71 and 0.30–1.96, respectively. The mean of the Fe and Mn levels of muscle and gill of A. marmid were 1.22, 5.07 and 0.38, 0.85 mg kg−1, respectively. The ranges of mean concentrations of Fe and Mn levels in muscle and gill of C. regium were 0.91, 5.61 and 0.27, 3.42 mg kg−1, respectively. The mean value of Fe in S. glanis gill was 1.03, which of Mn was 0.17 mg kg−1. Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and Pb were not detected in the muscle of S. glanis. The mean values for Co in muscle of thorn-bream, carp, and nose-carp were 0.005, 0.01, 0.0 mg kg−1, respectively. Nickel values in the muscle were ranged between 0.38 and 1.93 in thorn-bream, 0.06 and 1.34 in carp, 0.14
and 1.89 in nose-carp, in that order. The mean Pb levels of muscle and gill of A. marmid were 0.14 and 0.29 mg kg−1, respectively. The mean values of Pb concentration of muscle and gill for C. carpio were 0.13 and 0.50 mg kg−1, respectively. In C. regium mean values for Pb in muscle and gill were 0.06 and 0.06 mg kg−1, respectively. The mean value of Pb in S. glanis gill was 0.42, ranged between 0.0–0.92 mg kg−1. 相似文献
759.
760.
Gangba sheep are known for having typical sensory characteristics attributed to free range conditions and grazing on wild plants. The genuine Gangba mutton was selected as the experimental group, and the commercial Tibetan mutton was selected as the control group, the nutritive composition of basic chemical components, amino acids and fatty acids in mutton were investigated to correlate its unique meat quality and eating satisfaction. The results showed that fatty acids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Gangba mutton than in commercial mutton, and the higher content of flavoring amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartame) were primarily responsible for the taste attributes umami of meat juices. Moreover, the trace elements analysis in mutton and grazing factors (forage, water source and soil) were conducted, to explain the source of essential trace elements in mutton. The concentrations of essential trace elements show that the Gangba mutton was a valuable source for highly available Cu and Zn in human nutrition, and well managed with few detected of toxicity metal. The concentrations of essential trace elements in mutton are closely related to the trace elements in environmental grazing factors. In conclusion, the congenital grazing conditions (a highly mineralized water resource, natural forages and clean soils) were shown to contribute to the unique meat characteristics of Gangba sheep. 相似文献