空气负离子研究进展及影响因素分析

空气负离子保健作用受到人们的普遍关注,其浓度是衡量空气清洁度的重要指标之一,在空气环境质量评价中日益受到重视。从医学健康、环境卫生、工农业、生态旅游四个方面论述了空气负离子在国内外的研究进展,并结合最新研究成果,综述了负离子在不同气象因子、海拔高度、植被、区域、时段下的浓度变化规律。在此基础上,对空气负离子未来研究方向提出建议,为空气负离子进一步研究提供参考和借鉴。     

介孔纳米γ-Al2O3对稀土元素锎、铈的吸附性能

以介孔纳米γ-Al2O3为吸附材料,重点研究了吸附剂投加量、溶液pH、吸附时间及温度对介孔纳米γ-Al2O3吸附稀土元素镧、铈的影响。通过正交实验优选出介孔纳米γ-Al2O3对稀土元素镧铈吸附的最优参数,采用10mg／L的La^3＋、Ce^4＋标准溶液,选择投加量、pH、吸附时间为影响因素,进行3因素3水平的正交实验。通过正交实验与单因素实验综合分析表明最佳实验方案为：投加量为0．20g,pH为7,吸附时间为15min。在初始浓度为10～100mg／L时,介孑L纳米γ-Al2O3对La^3＋、Ce^4＋的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附式。拟合得到的理论饱和吸附量分别为22．32mg／g和23．75mg／g。     

几种模拟处理方式污泥淋出液重金属与养分特征

为了减少城市污泥重金属对农田的污染,更好地实现污泥农业资源化利用,通过盆栽实验研究不同处理(对照、黑网、附Fe黑网、附Fe黑网+K2SO4及附Fe黑网+玉米)对城市污泥淋出液重金属和养分含量等的影响。结果表明,黑网可降低污泥淋出液的Zn﹑Cd总量,且没有减少污泥淋出液中氮、磷和钾的总量。Fe(OH)3可使淋出液中Zn总量降低,但同时也显著减少了淋出液中的磷总量。K2SO4可降低淋出液中的Cu总量,且促进Fe结合磷的释放。玉米的种植可使污泥的总重降低,同时玉米籽粒和茎叶重金属含量达到饲料标准。综合来看,任何处理每次淋出液的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd浓度均符合农田灌溉水标准,淋出液氮、磷、钾量占原污泥中氮、磷、钾总量的比例(0.98%～9.88%)远远大于重金属元素(Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd)占原污泥对应重金属总量的比例(0.04%～0.41%),污泥淋出液作为农田灌溉水进行肥水利用将是污泥农业资源化利用的适合途径,同时黑网+玉米处理可能是较理想的污泥综合处理利用方式。     

模拟实验研究煤矿酸性水中Co、Ni、Zn、Cd、Al、Cr、As、Pb可溶性金属迁移行为

通过模拟煤矿酸性水环境,对来自2个不同产地的煤系非均质黄铁矿样品进行了不同固液比的淋滤实验,对反应体系物理化学状态以及其中的Co、Ni、Zn、Cd、Al、Cr、As、Pb8种元素的释放行为进行了长达312h跟踪检测和对比.结果显示,在2种不同来源的煤系黄铁矿样品反应体系中,Co、Ni、Zn、Cd的释放行为均为持续升高,说明这些元素的释放受体系中物理化学状态的影响相对较小,在液相中具有较高的迁移行为;Al、Cr、As、Pb在不同样品体系中的释放行为差异较大,受到体系pH值、吸附及共沉淀作用等因素的影响,是相对不易迁移的元素.煤矿酸性水环境中元素释放和迁移行为主要受到黄铁矿的氧化还原反应速率、反应体系介质pH值和围岩矿物学性质3个宏观因素控制.     

土壤和茶树对稀土元素的富集作用

稀土元素广泛应用于作物增产,但它对生态环境的影响却不甚了解,春茶萌芽时使用稀释300倍的稀土微肥南大2998茶素喷施叶面,分别于3、6、9、12个月时测定土壤和茶树中稀土元素的含量变化和累积情况。结果指出：施用稀土后短时间内,土壤和茶树中稀土元素的含量均比未施用稀土时有不同程度的增加,经过较长时间后,上层土壤中的稀土元素向下层土壤迁移,并在下层土壤中富集;而茶树的根、茎中稀土含量均表现为下降,叶中的含量呈不同变化趋势,即铈组稀土含量上升3.74mg/kg,钇组稀土含量下降0.91mg/kg,表明茶叶对铈组稀土有较强的富集作用。     

弯曲河流纵向混合系数的室内试验研究

本文在实验室弯曲河流物理模型内进行了示踪试验,获得了大量的实验数据,确定了关于弯曲河流纵向混台系数的准数关系式。通过对国外某些室内模型试验资料和现场试验资料的分析,确定了该式的应用范围。      

Element Levels in Snakes in South Carolina: Differences Between a Control Site and Exposed Site on the Savannah River Site

Levels of 18 elements, including lead, mercury, selenium, and uranium, were examined in three species of snakes from an exposed and reference site on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina. We tested the hypotheses that there were no differences as a function of species, and there were no difference between the exposed and control site for blood and muscle (tail) samples for banded water snake (Nerodia fasciata), brown water snake (N. taxispilota) and cottonmouth (Akistrodon piscivorous). The banded water snakes collected were significantly smaller than the other two species. For blood, there were significant species differences only for barium, copper, selenium, uranium and zinc, while for muscle tissue there were significant interspecific differences in aluminum, arsenic, barium, cobalt, cesium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, manganese, strontium, vanadium and zinc, suggesting that muscle tissue in the tail is a better indicator of potential interspecific differences. It is also easier logistically to collect tail tissue than blood. Where one species had significantly higher levels than the other species in muscle tissue levels, cottonmouth had higherlevels of five elements (aluminum, cobalt, lead, mercury, vanadium), brown water snake had two (lead, strontium), and banded water snake had only barium. There were few significant differences between the control and reference site for levels of blood, but several for muscle tissue. All three species had significantly higher levels of arsenic and manganese at Tim's Branch than the reference site, and nickel and uranium were significantly higher for banded watersnake and cottonmouth, the larger species. Individuals with high exposure of one element were exposed to high levels of other elements.     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中稀土元素

建立了偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中稀土元素的方法,该方法较传统的方法具有前处理简单、测量自动化程度高、灵敏度高和检出限低(检出限范围为0.05~2.80 mg/kg)等优点。对土壤和沉积物标准物质的测定结果表明:测定结果与认定值能较好吻合,相对标准偏差范围为0.2%~9.4%,能满足测试的需求。分别用该方法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对实际样品进行测定,2种方法的测定结果有较好的一致性,表明该方法测定结果准确可靠,可用于实际样品的测定。     

Dechlorination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) by Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles: Comparison with nZVI,degradation mechanism,and pathways

Frontiers of Environmental Science &; Engineering - Acclimation is the main method to enhance the productivity of microorganisms in environmental biotechnology, but it remains uncertain how...     

四川简阳东溪镇土壤环境六种元素含量评价

本文用随机布点法,采集了简阳东溪镇土壤样品29个,分析了土壤中Cd、Zn、Ni、Cu、Mn、Pb六种元素含量,用Shapiro-Wilk法和偏态系数检验了土壤中的元素含量分布类型,结果六种元素含量均为正态分布。根据元素含量类型分布,统计简阳东溪镇土壤中六种元素平均含量为：Cd0．295ppm、Zn62．5ppm、Ni27．49ppm、Cu23．25ppm、bin157．25ppm、Pb17．47ppm。