纵向塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定水样中的痕量镉

以ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４和Ｍｇ（ＮＯ３）２为基材改进剂，利用纵向塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定长江，嘉陵江水样中痕量镉，获得了满意的结果，本法具有良好的重现性和较高的灵敏度，操作简便、快速。     

冷原子吸收法测定痕量汞的研究

用自制的冷原子汞蒸气发生装置和样品吸收管,研究了以SnCl_2为还原剂,冷原子吸收分光光度法连续测定汞的适宜条件.检出限为0.45ng/ml,汞量在0～80ng/ml范围内,符合比尔定律;连续测定浓度为20ng/m的汞溶液,相对标准偏差为1.8%;测定实际水样中的痕量汞,其回收率为97.0%～100.8%.     

南京冬季一次强浓雾及超细粒子累积过程分析

课题组于2017年冬季在南京北郊开展了为期45d的雾/霾外场综合观测，并选取12月30~31日一次平流辐射雾过程，分析了气象要素、雾和气溶胶的宏微观特征.结果表明：冷平流与夜间辐射冷却造成的持续性降温为此次雾发展的主要原因，而短波辐射增强则为雾消散的主导因子；此次雾过程存在爆发性增长的特征，表现为17min内含水量的量级由10-4g/m³增加至10-1g/m³，其中雾滴数浓度的增加对其贡献率可达67%；强浓雾微物理量的时间变率波动性强，雾的水平分布存在显著的不均匀性特征；日出后的强浓雾阶段中存在纳米级气溶胶累积现象，空气动力学直径在10~50nm气溶胶的数浓度增加率可达2817cm^-3/h，从二次气溶胶生成（SO₂的气-粒及气-液转化过程）、输送（人为活动造成的气溶胶累积及雾中垂直向湍流的输送）等方面探讨现象出现的原因.     

The Influence of Anthropogenic Contamination On Metals Release From Coastal Sediment Suspensions with Aerated Sea Water

The zinc, cadmium, copper and lead release from the uncontaminated and contaminated coastal sediments with aerated sea water was studied. the metals transfer to the dissolved forms was monitored during one-two months by differential pulse anodic voltammetry (DPASV). the sediments with different initial degree of contamination were sampled in the Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan around Vladivostok-the biggest city in Russian Far East. Sediment contamination by metals led to increased release to solution of zinc due to sulphide oxidation and cadmium on account of organic matter decomposition. the copper behaviour was complicated by strong binding with organic matter and enhancements of copper release can only be seen in sediment with a low organic matter content. Significant lead transfer to dissolved forms was not observed regardless of sediment contamination. the temperature affected the release of cadmium and copper through enhanced organic matter destruction. the dissolved metal fluxes from the sediment transformation are compared with metal fluxes towards bottom. Such comparisons show that second contamination by dissolved metals of the studied coastal environment may be important for cadmium only.     

Use of trace element analysis of feathers as a tool to track fine-scale dispersal in birds

Tracking dispersal and migratory movements of animals over small and large spatial scales is a challenge. In birds, a promising yet underutilized tool is the trace elemental composition of feathers. The elemental profile of a feather may reveal information about the geographic origin of a bird provided that molting occurs on the breeding grounds and that elemental differences exist between breeding areas. Here, we explore the use of trace elemental composition in body feathers of the Puget Sound white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis as a tool (1) to discriminate among birds collected in four different song dialect populations along a 400-km stretch of the Pacific Northwest coast and (2) to assign males singing nonlocal dialects in one population to potential natal populations. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detected 34 trace elements in sampled feathers and in a discriminant function analysis seven of these elements differed among the four source populations. Half of the six nonlocal dialect singers, who were likely to have immigrated into the focal population, were assigned to a population that matched their song dialect. Our study suggests that feather microchemistry is a promising tool for identifying geographic origins of dispersing birds over small geographic scales and in combination with other markers, such as song, may give insight into ecological and evolutionary processes.     

煤添加高岭土燃烧控制有害微量元素的排放

通过在一维煤粉燃烧炉上进行无烟煤添加高岭土吸附剂的燃烧实验,研究了无烟煤及其燃烧产物中18种环境有害微量元素的含量和分布;计算了高岭土在不同燃烧工况条件下对每种环境有害微量元素的吸附率.结果表明,高岭土对环境有害微量元素Cd, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ba, Co, Be, Cr, Ni, Mo, Tl, V, U, Mn, Th具有不同的吸附作用,吸附率为11.6%～500%;吸附效率与元素种类、燃烧工况等因素有关,环境有害微量元素Cd, Pb, Zn, Sb, Ba, Co, Be, Cr, Ni, Mo, Tl, V, U, Mn, Th的吸附能力,分级燃烧比不分级燃烧吸附效果更好,总吸附率差为8.4%～481%.     

ISO14000国际环境管理标准的认证策略

在分析ISO14000想要达到的目的以及ISO14000系列标准基本构成的基础上,对组织是否要申请ISO14000认证,以及什么时候申请ISO14001认证的策略作一讨论。     

Microwave-assisted acid extraction of the major metal elements in herbal extracts followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) determination

The content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn was determined in Rosa damascena, Vitis vinifera, Crocus sativus, and Olea europaea L. herbal extracts produced in different areas in Greece. Samples were mineralized in a closed microwave system using nitric acid, and the concentration of all metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The herbal extracts contained As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, and Pb at concentrations below their respective limits of detection, whereas Cu, Fe, Mg, and Zn were determined in varying quantities. The proposed method is precise and accurate, thus it can be used for the determination of metals in Rosa damascena, Vitis vinifera, Crocus sativus, and Olea europaea L. herbal extracts.     

Quantitative and structural analyses of hazardous elements in Chinese medicines and herbs

Thirty samples of Chinese medicines and herbs were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, mainly noting on the hazardous elements arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), chromium, antimony and cobalt. The three Niuhuang Jiedu Pian samples contained 8.6%, 8.3% and 2.2% As. Two out of four Liushen Wan samples contained approximately7% of both As and Hg. Despite being identically named, the other two Liushen Wan samples did not contain such high concentrations. Japanese Liushen Wan for children contained 1.2 ± 0.03% As and 31 ± 12 mg/kg Hg, whereas Liushen Wan for adults manufactured by another Japanese company contained 550 ± 22 mg/kg As and 1.2 ± 0.05 mg/kg Hg. All the chemical structural formulas of As and Hg in the high-concentration Niuhuang Jiedu Pian and Liushen Wan were realgar (As₄S₄), uzonite (As₄S₅) and cinnabar (HgS). Although the human body is generally not believed to absorb sulphides, continuous intake of these Chinese medicines is potentially no good because it is possible that some arsenic-sulfides will dissolve in gastric acid and then alter their chemical structures. Additionally, many herbs contained low concentrations of Hg, and their chemical structures were unknown.     

Levels of Hg and other chemical elements in volcanic ash fall samples erupted from Mt. Sakurajima,Japan

Mt. Sakurajima is a volcanic island in Japan, and a big city, Kagoshima, is quite close to the active volcano. Samples of volcanic ash fall erupted from Mt. Sakurajima were collected at several locations in Kagoshima City and analyzed for Hg and other elements, including major (Mg, Al, Ca, and Fe) and trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb). The concentrations of Hg varied from 6.3 to 124 ng g^?1, with the amounts of ash varying from 13 to 1230 g m^?2 month^?1. The Hg concentrations tended to be higher when the monthly amounts of ash fall were lower; other elements did not show such a tendency.