Genotoxicity of vegetables irrigated by industrial wastewater

IntroductionPollution of natural waters with waste effluentsarising from various industries has become a seriousproblem in India.In Rajasthan particularly,textilemills represent an important economic sector.Effluents from these textile and other dye-relat…     

浙江近岸有害赤潮发生区麻痹性贝毒素研究

用小白鼠生物检测法和高效液相色谱法对采自浙江舟山海域和浙江中南部海域的麻痹性贝毒素进行了调查分析。结果表明:浙江舟山海域六横岛的西格织纹螺含有贝毒,其毒素含量为3.7 Mu/g,舟山海域有毒贝类检出率为3.1%。浙江中、南部海域南麂列岛的棒锥螺含有贝毒,其毒素含量<1.7 Mu/g,浙江中、南部海域有毒贝类检出率为9.1%。     

基于CFD的两种紫外消毒模型的比较研究

为了预测紫外反应器的消毒效率,提高模拟的准确度,对两种紫外光强模型进行了比较分析。利用CFD技术,采用数值模拟的方法,对线源和柱源两种光强模型进行了光强分布以及消毒效率的模拟,并采用生物实验进行了验证。结果表明:与柱源模型相比,线源模型在近灯管处强度高42.3%,在1.2 cm处二者趋于一致;针对同一管式紫外反应器,透光率为95%时,线源模型的模拟结果偏大,柱源结果偏小;透光率为80%时,线源及柱源模型的模拟结果都偏大,流量及模型影响较小,透光率成为主要影响因素。综合比较,柱源模型适用于小型管式紫外灯消毒数值模型的开发。     

A rapid and high-throughput quantum dots bioassay for monitoring of perfluorooctane sulfonate in environmental water samples

Currently HPLC/MS is the state of the art tool for environmental/drinking water perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) monitoring. PFOS can bind to peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), which forms heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and binds to PPAR response elements. In this bioassay free PFOS in water samples competes with immobilized PFOS in ELISA plates for a given amount of PPARα-RXRα. It can be determined indirectly by immobilizing PPARα-RXRα-PFOS complex to another plate coated with PPARα antibody and subsequent measuring the level of PPARα-RXRα by using biotin-modified PPARα-RXRα probes-quantum dots-streptavidin detection system. The rapid and high-throughput bioassay demonstrated a detection limit of 2.5 ng L⁻¹ with linear range between 2.5 ng L⁻¹ and 75 ng L⁻¹. Detection results of environmental water samples were highly consistent between the bioassay and HPLC/MS.     

Determination of sulfosulfuron residues in soil under wheat crop by a novel and cost-effective method and evaluation of its carryover effect

A novel and cost-effective method of sulfosulfuron extraction has been developed using distilled water as an extraction solvent. Using this method, the environmental fate of sulfosulfuron was investigated in soil under wheat crop. Studies were conducted under natural field conditions in randomized block design and herbicide (75% water dispersible granules (WG)) was applied after 24 days of sowing. The rates of applications were 25 and 50 g of active ingredient (a.i.) per hectare. Soil samples were collected at predetermined intervals and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The minimum detection limit was found to be 0.001 μ g g^{? 1}. The dissipation of sulfosulfuron followed first-order rate kinetics and dissipated with a half-life of 5.4–6.3 days. After harvest, field soil was used for conducting a pot experiment with bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) as test plants to study the carry over effect of sulfosulfuron. No phytotoxicity was observed to bottle gourd in pot experiment with harvest soil.     

改进后EROD法与仪器分析法应用比对研究

环境二(恶)英类污染物受到广泛关注,目前常用的二(恶)英类物质检测方法有仪器分析法(高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨率质谱法)和生物检测法.生物检测法具有便捷高效、成本低廉等优点,但其测定值普遍高于仪器分析法,关键原因是生物检测法在前处理阶段未能完全消除非二(恶)英类物质的干扰.改进了传统7-乙氧基-3-异吩恶唑酮-脱乙基酶(...     

环境样品毒性评价方法的发展及应用

在阐述毒性评价方法发展的基础上，简要介绍了成组生物检验方案，并详介毒性鉴定评价方法的基本原理，实际应用，存在问题及其发展趋势。     

Melting and incineration plants of municipal waste. Chemical and biochemical diagnosis of thermal processing samples (emission,residues)

Control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in emissions and thermal residues from incinerators has been a cause of public concern for more than one decade. Recently, several studies showed that other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs) also have dioxin-like activity and are released from incinerators. Therefore, the present study was aimed at making a risk assessment about dioxin-like activity in extracts of thermal waste residues (e.g. combustion gas; fly ash, slag) from incineration and melting processes in Germany and Japan. For this purpose, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by chemical analysis. Additionally, 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD equivalents (EROD-TEQs) were determined by in vitro Micro-EROD bioassay using rat H4IIE hepatoma cells. EROD-TEQs could be correlated to I-TEQ values (from PCDD/Fs/co-PCBs) analyzed by chemical analysis resulting in a maximal sixfold higher estimate. Our study indicates minor influences of co-PCBs, PAHs and PCNs to the sum of dioxin-like toxicity in the extracts of thermal waste residues as determined here. Furthermore, we showed that the levels of dioxins and co-PCBs contained in slag from melting processes and bottom ashes from incineration processes were lower by 1-2 orders of magnitude than that in fly ash.     

绿黄隆、甲黄隆在江苏省农区5种土壤中残留活性的研究

采用改进的玉米主根长土培生测法，研究绿黄隆、甲黄隆在江苏省典型农区土壤中残留活性。结果表明，两种除草剂在５种土壤中剂量与玉米主根长抑制率之间皆达极显著相关，土壤ｐＨ和有机质含量是主要影响因素，碱性轻质土壤中活性较高，酸性重质土壤中活性较低，活性大小顺序为：黄潮土＞高沙土＞砂姜黑土＞滨海盐土＞太湖水稻土。     

电子垃圾处理地土壤中芳烃受体效应物质的分布规律

利用大鼠肝癌细胞H4IIE离体生物测试(EROD测试)评估了位于我国南方的典型电子垃圾处理地(某镇)三个自然村共23个土壤样品有机提取物的芳烃受体效应,并研究了这些地区土壤中芳烃受体效应物质的污染水平和空间分布规律.结果表明,在所研究地区中.塑料回收村芳烃受体效应最高,其次是电路板回收村和电器拆解村.与文献数据相比,该镇土壤有机组分的芳烃受体效应较传统工业城市天津的污染土壤高,且空间分布规律与该镇电子垃圾处理业的区域分工在某种程度上有密切关系.研究结果表明,粗放型的电子垃圾处理手段导致了芳烃受体效应物质在该镇土壤环境中的积累,且离体生物效应标记方法可用来快速筛选和甄别芳烃受体效应物质污染的高风险区.