凹叶厚朴中具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的成分

凹叶厚朴是四川省人工栽种的一种用途广泛的常用中药.在发现凹叶厚朴乙醇提取物具有较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性基础上,通过活性跟踪,对该提取物进行了分离,发现其中的生物碱显示了较强的抑制活性.通过溶剂萃取、树脂吸附和反复硅胶柱层析等分离方法从凹叶厚朴乙醇提取物中分离得到6个生物碱.用质谱和核磁共振等波谱方法分别鉴定为木兰箭毒碱,木兰花碱,鹅掌楸碱,蕃荔枝碱,罗默碱和Lysicamine,并应用小肠α-葡萄糖苷酶模型测定了它们对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用.其中,番荔枝碱和木兰箭毒碱的抑制活性较好,分别为60%和62%;其它4个生物碱成分活性几乎相当,鹅掌楸碱为46%,罗默碱为51%,Lysicamine为49%,木兰花碱为51%.图2参10     

中国一年生野生大豆群体的遗传多样性研究

选用来自全国各地的一年生野生大豆２００ 余份材料,从形态性状、等位酶标记和细胞器ＤＮＡＲＦＬＰ标记的遗传丰富度和遗传离散度两方面分析了中国野生大豆群体的遗传多样性．结果表明：中国野生大豆天然群体存在着遗传分化,各地理生态群体间的遗传多样性水平不同,南方群体最高,黄淮海群体次之,东北群体最低．南方为一年生野生大豆的遗传多样性中心,也可能是起源中心．     

完善西部地区水资源市场是当务之急

本文分析了西部地区完善水资源市场的必要性和存在的问题，并提出完善水资源市场的具体措施。     

Differences of cadmium absorption and accumulation in selected vegetable crops

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｄｍｉｕｍｉｓｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｌｙｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅｄｉｎｎａｔｕｒａｌａｎｄａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｖａｒｉｏｕｓａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ,ｍｉｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｘｈａｕｓｔｇａｓｅｓｏｆａｕｔｏｍｏｂｉｌｅｓ(Ｄａｓ,1 997) .Ｔｈｉｓｔｒａｃｅｍｅｔａｌｉｓｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔａｎｄｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｔｏｘｉｎｔｈａｔｈａｓｕｎｋｎｏｗｎｆ…     

水源地水污染风险等级判别方法及应用

以广西柳州市柳南水厂水源地为研究对象,建立了水源地风险等级判别模型,模型主要考虑企业风险等级,以及风险影响后水源地水质超标倍数、水质超标持续时间、污染团到达时间等因子,模型参数根据调查及分析得到。通过风险判别模型,计算得到柳南水厂取水口的风险等级,为该区域进行环境风险管理提供了技术支撑。     

柳河新民段沙化状况调查分析与保护对策

通过对柳河沙化起因、现状、对流域水环境及生态环境影响的调查分析,有针对性地提出了保护对策和建议。     

Theoretical analysis of change in forest carbon use efficiency with stand development: A case study on Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.) plantation from the seedling stage

Changes in carbon use efficiency (CUE), which is defined as the ratio of net primary production (NPP) to gross primary production (GPP), were estimated for the aerial parts of the Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.) with respect to stand development. The analysis incorporated previously published data from the early stages of stand development, namely the seedling stages of the cypress. For this analysis, a simple mathematical model to assess the changes in CUE was developed by incorporating data on physiological variables and mass of woody species. The CUE tended to increase with increases in the aboveground biomass of the stand, and then decreased gradually despite increases in the aboveground biomass. The CUE-value (0.28, 0.39) of the seedling stage was lower than that (0.33-0.58) of the young or mature trees. To examine the effect of physiological variables and mass on CUE, the ratios of the specific respiration rate to the specific photosynthetic rate (r/a) and the leaf biomass to the aboveground biomass or leaf mass ratio (y_L/y_T) were calculated. The low value of CUE at the seedling stage was due to the high ratio of specific respiration rate to specific photosynthetic rate r/a, but was not due to the high value of the leaf mass ratio y_L/y_T. In addition, the decline in CUE associated with older stages of stand development was due to the decreasing changes in y_L/y_T, and the r/a ratio did not influence the change in CUE.     

Genetic engineering and the Moral Status of Non-Human Species

Genetic modification leads to several important moral issues. Up until now they have mainly been discussed from the viewpoint that only individual living beings, above all animals, are morally considerable. The standpoint that also collective entities such as species belong to the moral sphere have seldom been taken into account in a more thorough way, although it is advocated by several important environmental ethicists. The main purpose of this article is to analyze in more detail than often has been done what the practical consequences of this ethical position would be for the use of genetic engineering on animals and plants. The practical consequences of the holistic standpoint (focused on collective entities) of Holmes Rolston, III, is compared with the practical consequences of the individualistic standpoints (focused on individual living beings) of Bernard E. Rollin and Philipp Balzer, Klaus Peter Rippe, and Peter Schaber, respectively. The article also discusses whether the claim that species are morally considerable is tenable as a foundation for policy decisions on genetic engineering.     

油松毛虫感染白僵菌后超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的变化

采用分光光度法测定了3~5龄油松毛虫(DendrolimustabulaeformisTsaietLiu)幼虫被白僵菌(Beauveriabassi ana)感染后保护酶的活性.结果表明: 3~5龄油松毛虫被白僵菌感染后1 ~8d,体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于同期未感染的幼虫,并呈现出先升高后下降的变化趋势,而同期未感染的幼虫变化不大;过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性也呈现出先升后降的趋势.利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了感染后1~8d幼虫体内SOD同工酶与CAT同工酶的变化.结果显示:SOD同工酶带宽与酶带亮暗变化显著;CAT同工酶酶谱有所差异,酶带数由感染初期的一条变为后期的两条带,而且带宽值与酶带亮暗变化显著. 图3表2参16     

菲律宾蛤仔对Cd加标沉积物的蓄积实验

研究了菲律宾蛤仔在加标沉积物中对Ｃｄ的蓄积。结果表明：在不同浓度的Ｃｄ加标沉积物中，菲律宾蛤仔的蓄积量不同，在相同的时间Ｃｄ浓度越高，蛤仔的蓄积量越大。随着时间的增加，蓄积量也随着增大。快速蓄积３０×１０－６左右，就能致菲律宾蛤仔死亡