全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2961篇 |
免费 | 341篇 |
国内免费 | 1338篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 773篇 |
废物处理 | 76篇 |
环保管理 | 261篇 |
综合类 | 2289篇 |
基础理论 | 537篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 432篇 |
评价与监测 | 140篇 |
社会与环境 | 70篇 |
灾害及防治 | 61篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 76篇 |
2022年 | 152篇 |
2021年 | 149篇 |
2020年 | 166篇 |
2019年 | 138篇 |
2018年 | 125篇 |
2017年 | 142篇 |
2016年 | 150篇 |
2015年 | 171篇 |
2014年 | 129篇 |
2013年 | 283篇 |
2012年 | 274篇 |
2011年 | 223篇 |
2010年 | 182篇 |
2009年 | 222篇 |
2008年 | 205篇 |
2007年 | 257篇 |
2006年 | 259篇 |
2005年 | 222篇 |
2004年 | 202篇 |
2003年 | 138篇 |
2002年 | 104篇 |
2001年 | 108篇 |
2000年 | 97篇 |
1999年 | 79篇 |
1998年 | 64篇 |
1997年 | 59篇 |
1996年 | 50篇 |
1995年 | 44篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 35篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 30篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4640条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
731.
Sylvie Pouteau 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2000,13(3-4):273-291
The concept of substantial equivalence,introduced for the risk assessment of geneticallymodified (GM) food, is a reducing concept because itignores the context in which these products have beenproduced and brought to the consumer at the end of thefood chain. Food quality cannot be restricted to meresubstance and food acts on human beings not only atthe level of nutrition but also through theirrelationship to environment and society. To make thiscontext explicit, I will introduce an ``equivalencescale' for the evaluation of food chains (GM or notGM). By contrast with substantial equivalence, whichinvolves mainly quantitative, analytical methods ofevaluation, ``qualitative equivalence' refers to ``less'or non-substantial factors that require new methodsof evaluation based on qualitative principles.``Ethical equivalence' refers to factors that show themoral value contained in food products. To analyze thedifferent levels at which ethics is needed in foodchains, I will use the French principles: ``Liberty,Equality, Fraternity,' or freedom, equality,solidarity, and add a fourth principle:sustainability. Sustainability, solidarity, andfreedom can be applied to the evaluation ofenvironmental, socio-economic, and socio-culturalethical equivalence, respectively. Equality refers tojustice and should operate so as to guarantee thatsustainability, solidarity, and freedom are satisfied.I suggest that ethics can provide a basis for arenewal of the food chain concept. Besides QualityAssurance, it is now essential to develop an ``EthicalAssurance' and this equivalence scale could provide abasis to set up ``Ethical Assurance Standards' (EAS)for food chains. 相似文献
732.
Jason S. Lee Belinda L. Daniels David T. Eberiel Richard E. Farrell 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2000,8(2):81-89
Soil retrieval, processing and storage procedures can have a profound effect on soil microorganisms. In particular, changes in soil microbial populations may adversely affect the biological activity of a soil and drastically alter the soil's potential to mineralize added substrates. The effects of cold storage on the biodegradation of a series of test polymers was investigated using two soils—a synthetic soil mix (SM-L8) and a field soil (Bridgehampton silt loam) from Rhode Island (RI-1). Biodegradation tests were conducted using freshly prepared/collected soil and again following storage at 4°C for 3 to 8 months. Prior to each biodegradation test, the soils were incubated at 60% water-holding capacity (WHC) and 25°C to rejuvenate the microbial populations; the soils were incubated for periods of 48 h (freshly collected soil) or 25 days (soils stored at 4°C). Soil microbial populations were assessed by enumerating different segments of the population on agar plates containing different selective media. Mineralization of the test polymers (cellulose, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, and starch acetate, d.s. 1.5) was monitored using standard respirometric techniques. Our results demonstrated that cold storage had a generally negative effect on the soil microbial populations themselves but that its effect on the capacity of the soil microorganisms to degrade the test polymers varied between soils and polymer type. Whereas cold storage resulted in dramatic shifts in the community structure of the soil microbial populations, substantial restoration of these populations was possible by first conditioning the soils at 60% WHC and ambient temperatures for 25 days. Likewise, although the effects of cold storage on polymer mineralization varied with the test polymer and soil, these effects could be largely offset by including an initial 25-day stabilization period in the test. 相似文献
733.
论述了岩体声发射技术的基本原理,介绍了其在采矿工程中的若干应用成果:地应力测量、高应力区圈定、冒顶预测预报、稳定性评价. 相似文献
734.
邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯对蚕豆根尖微核及幼苗超氧化物歧化酶的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为了初步探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)对植物的毒害作用,采用不同浓度的DEHP溶液对蚕豆根部进行处理(终含量0、0.2、2、20、200mg·kg-(1细沙)),检测根尖微核率和对幼苗茎、叶SOD活性的影响.结果表明:对蚕豆根尖进行短期(6h)处理后,各DEHP处理组微核率随DEHP含量的升高呈显著上升趋势(与对照比较,p<0.05或p<0.01).处理7d后,随DEHP含量的升高(0~20mg·kg-(1细沙)),蚕豆幼苗茎、叶SOD活性均呈逐渐升高趋势;DEHP含量在20~200mg·kg-(1细沙)时,SOD活性均略有下降.以上结果表明DEHP对蚕豆种子具有遗传毒性,且能够对蚕豆幼苗产生氧化损伤. 相似文献
735.
An assertion deeply rooted in the ornithological literature holds that sex-specific mortality causes a sex ratio disparity
(SRD) between complete and incomplete broods. Complete broods are thought to reflect the primary sex ratio before any bias
introduced by developmental mortality. Contrary to this view, however, complete and incomplete broods should exhibit identical
sex ratio distributions even when the sexes experience differential mortality, as shown in the classic paper of Fiala (Am
Nat 115: 442–444, 1980). Therefore, in partially unsexed samples, primary sex ratio biases cannot be distinguished from biases
caused by differential mortality. In addition, complete broods do not represent primary sex ratio more accurately than incomplete
ones and might even be misleading. Despite Fiala’s prediction, SRD does occur in some empirical studies. We show that this
pattern could arise if (1) primary sex ratio affects chick mortality rates independently of sex (direct effect), (2) primary
sex ratio covaries with a variable that also affects mortality rate, or (3) sex differential mortality covaries with overall
mortality rate (indirect effects). Direct effects may cause stronger SRD than indirect ones with a smaller and opposite bias
in the overall sex ratio and could also lead to highly inconsistent covariate effects on brood sex ratios. These features
may help differentiate direct from indirect effects. Most interestingly, differences in covariate effects between complete
and incomplete broods imply that influential variables are missing from the analysis. 相似文献
736.
EDSS及其在EIA中的应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
区域环境系统是由人-地相互作用而形成的开放的和复杂的社会、经济与环境的复合巨系统,由此产生的复杂环境问题给环境决策带来了诸多的不确定性,而环境决策支持系统(EDSS)可以辅助环境保护决策工作者提高决策的科学性和有效性.叙述了EDSS的概念,全面回顾了30多年来国内外环境决策支持系统在水环境规划与管理、大气环境质量管理、城市固体废物管理等研究领域的应用进展,并举例重点分析了其在环境影响评价(EIA)中的应用.同时具备强大数据更新能力和环境质量分析预测功能的EDSS,是解决EIA工作中复杂问题的有力工具.基于近年来新技术的发展,EDSS将在智能化,3S技术及多媒体技术应用等方面得到进一步发展,并在环境规划与管理和EIA等工作中发挥更加重要的作用. 相似文献
737.
738.
采用特殊运行方式的厌氧-好氧SBR系统(厌氧后排水),在乙酸钠、葡萄糖及葡萄糖-乙酸钠混合基质条件下均培养出了稳定的聚糖菌颗粒污泥.通过对典型周期有机物、磷酸盐、胞内糖原及聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)变化的测定分析,证明有机基质的种类对于聚糖菌能量利用模式、有机物吸收速率及胞内储存物质种类具有显著的影响.污泥初始胞内糖原水平是有机物吸收数量及吸收速率的关键影响因素,当糖原水平低于0.05g/gSS时,厌氧有机物去除率与糖原水平直接相关:而糖原水平高于0.05g/gSS时,厌氧有机物去除率趋于稳定.不同糖原水平污泥厌氧吸收有机物的速率具有明显差异,在厌氧初期有机物快速吸收阶段,有机物厌氧吸收速率随胞内糖原水平升高而增加. 相似文献
739.
740.