Pilot plant study on ozonation and biological activated carbon process for drinking water treatment

A study on advanced drinking water treatment was conducted in a pilot scale plant taking water from conventional treatment process. Ozonation-biological activated carbon process （O3-BAC） and granular activated carbon process （GAC） were evaluated based on the following parameters： CODMn, UV254, total organic carbon （TOC）, assimilable organic carbon （AOC） and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon （BDOC）. In this test, the average removal rates of CODMn, UV254 and TOC in O3-BAC were 18.2%, 9.0% and 10.2% higher on （AOC） than in GAC, respectively. Ozonation increased 19.3-57.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-P17, 45.6-130.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-NOX and 0.1-0.5 mg/L in BDOC with ozone doses of 2 8 mg/L. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 3 mgO3/L. BAC filtration was effective process to improve biostability.     

上海老港填埋垃圾场渗滤液COD与UVA的相互关系

本实验研究对象为上海老港填埋场1991年填埋单元渗滤液和各处理工艺出水渗滤液,水样经过不同孔径膜微滤和超滤后,比较了各自COD值和UVA值之间的相关性．结果表明,水样COD浓度愈低,与其对应的UVA相关性愈好．由于有机物的组成不同,对应的特征吸收范围存在差别,因此,不同渗滤液的UVA与COD的关系也不同．渗滤液中的胶体物质对COD值有贡献,微滤和超滤系统使渗滤液中的胶体物质被截留,COD值减小,测定得到对应的UVA值也相应减小．     

太阳紫外线(UV)辐射对植物的影响

本文就同温层臭氧出现部分空洞引发的太阳紫外线(UV)辐射变化及其对植物生长、植物次生化学特性和植物生殖生长影响方面最近研究的进展情况以及取得的一些结果加以综合评述。     

UV消毒法在水处理工艺中的应用前景

概述了水处理工艺中UV消毒法的应用近况、低压多灯UV消毒装置的优点及有待深入研究的若干问题。预期UV消毒法可能取代加氯消毒法、在水处理消毒工艺中得到广泛的应用推广。      

多环芳烃的光致毒效应

多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）是一类常见的污染物,过去对其毒性的研究主要集中在生物体内代谢产物的毒效应上。但是近期研究表明紫外光的照射对多环芳烃的毒性具有显著影响,称为ＰＡＨｓ的光致毒效应。本文介绍了多环芳烃在紫外光照射下的急性光致毒作用,致毒作用发生机理及毒性预测的数学模型,同时探讨了ＰＡＨｓ对紫外光致癌性的影响。     

Feasibility of On-line Measurement of Sewage Components Using the UV Absorbance and the Neural Network

The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a new method to improve the accuracy in the estimation of sewage components. Adding to the regression of sewage components with UV (ultraviolet) absorbance values, a proposed method considered an unclear but existing relationship among characteristic of sewage production. Sewage production showed very defined profiles due to the daily human activities. So the main idea was the combination of measuring the UV absorbance values and analyzing the characteristics of the sewage production. For this purpose, 446 sewage samples taken at every 2-h interval for 51 days at a wastewater treatment plant were statistically analyzed using neural network (NN). NN was trained with 350 data sets (about 29 days) of UV absorbance values, flow rate and time. And as a result, it could predict 96 data (12 days) as a validation, indicating that estimation accuracies were improved to higher level than those of the linear regressions. The proposed method could estimate concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) within practical accuracies as well as total suspended solid.     

Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and landfill leachate in single-phase batch reactors

In order to investigate the effect of raw leachate on anaerobic digestion of food waste, co-digestions of food waste with raw leachate were carried out. A series of single-phase batch mesophilic (35 ± 1 °C) anaerobic digestions were performed at a food waste concentration of 41.8 g VS/L. The results showed that inhibition of biogas production by volatile fatty acids (VFA) occurred without raw leachate addition. A certain amount of raw leachate in the reactors effectively relieved acidic inhibition caused by VFA accumulation, and the system maintained stable with methane yield of 369–466 mL/g VS. Total ammonia nitrogen introduced into the digestion systems with initial 2000–3000 mgNH₄–N/L not only replenished nitrogen for bacterial growth, but also formed a buffer system with VFA to maintain a delicate biochemical balance between the acidogenic and methanogenic microorganisms. UV spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy data showed that food waste was completely degraded.We concluded that using raw leachate for supplement water addition and pH modifier on anaerobic digestion of food waste was effective. An appropriate fraction of leachate could stimulate methanogenic activity and enhance biogas production.     

HPSEC-UV-TOC联用技术测定有机物相对分子质量分布

采用在线高效凝胶色谱仪(HPSEC)和紫外检测器以及TOC检测仪联用测定有机物相对分子质量分布.通过同步测定样品中大范围相对分子质量区间的UV254和TOC,更深入和准确地了解有机物的结构特性,特别是一些不含共轭双键和芳香度的有机物.结果显示,TOC检测仪能够简单快捷地检测出水中所有有机物的相对分子质量分布,包括蔗糖、海藻酸钠等对紫外响应较低的亲水性有机物;样品进样量与TOC响应线性正相关,进样量越大,响应越强;离子强度从0升至0.2mol.L-1,峰面积仅减小1.2%,离子强度对有机物相对分子质量分布测定影响较小;样品pH值在中性或酸性时不影响测定结果,pH值为碱性时,TOC响应异常;采用流动相配定的样品较超纯水配定的样品,相对分子质量分布曲线中干扰峰明显减小,出峰效果更好;该联用技术可以很好地表征湘江原水及其4种亲疏水性组分的相对分子质量分布.     

Anthropogenic contaminants in freshwater from the northern Antarctic Peninsula region

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of ultraviolet filters (UV-Fs), benzotriazoles, pyrethroids and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in freshwater and wastewater from the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. All water samples analyzed contained UV-Fs residues and high concentrations were detected in anthropogenic impacted sites (< LOD up to 1300 ng/L). Likewise, benzotriazoles were detected in all water samples (< LOQ–920 ng/L). Regarding suspended particulate matter, almost all UV-Fs and all benzotriazoles were measured at concentrations ranging from < LOQ to 33 µg/g dry weight. Pyrethroids were also detected (< LOQ–250 ng/L) and their presence implies the existence of a gateway to the Antarctica Peninsula from other regions. The data confirmed the presence of PFASs (< LOD–7500 ng/L) in this area, in agreement with previous studies. In light of these results, extended monitoring in Antarctica should be carried out to perform a reliable environmental risk assessment leading to propose recommendations to minimize the anthropic impact.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01404-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

北京晴天紫外辐射的传输、损失及其长期变化

基于北京1990年晴天太阳辐射和气象观测资料的分析,考虑了影响紫外辐射(UV)的主要因子——臭氧、光化学、散射等对UV能量的吸收、利用和散射作用,发展了晴天UV的经验模式.研究表明,1990和1991年UV计算值与UV测量值吻合较好,二者相对偏差的平均值分别为3.68％、3.83％.利用此经验模式计算了大气上界的UV,计算结果较为合理.采用经验模式及考虑太阳活动、轨道参数、大气成分等因素的订正,计算了北京1979-1998年晴天的UV,其表现为下降趋势,年均下降率为0.20％.1979-1998年晴天,受臭氧、光化学和散射等因子影响,损失于大气中的各个UV能量都表现出增长趋势,年增长率分别为6.93％、7.56％、7.13％;损失于大气的UV能量以吸收和利用作用为主,并表现为冬季最大的特征.