O3/UV降解含氮杂环化合物喹啉

本研究采用O3/UV工艺降解喹啉溶液,系统地探讨了喹啉初始浓度、反应后置时间、初始p H、HCO-3浓度等因素对降解过程的影响.通过测定降解过程中的中间产物,分析了喹啉的降解机制及途径.结果表明随着喹啉初始浓度增加,反应表观速率常数和去除率都降低;p H(7~9)碱性条件时降解效果最好;HCO-3的存在明显降低了喹啉的去除率,加入100 mg·L-1HCO-3喹啉去除率降低了42.01%;反应后置时间对喹啉的去除率及矿化率基本没有影响.喹啉的降解中间产物主要为8-羟基喹啉、5-羟基喹啉、2(1H)-喹啉酮、2-吡啶甲醛等,喹啉在O3/UV体系中的降解途径主要由羟基自由基(·OH)、O3氧化剂发生的加成反应、取代反应、亲电反应等.     

HPSEC-UV-TOC联用技术测定有机物相对分子质量分布

采用在线高效凝胶色谱仪(HPSEC)和紫外检测器以及TOC检测仪联用测定有机物相对分子质量分布.通过同步测定样品中大范围相对分子质量区间的UV254和TOC,更深入和准确地了解有机物的结构特性,特别是一些不含共轭双键和芳香度的有机物.结果显示,TOC检测仪能够简单快捷地检测出水中所有有机物的相对分子质量分布,包括蔗糖、海藻酸钠等对紫外响应较低的亲水性有机物;样品进样量与TOC响应线性正相关,进样量越大,响应越强;离子强度从0升至0.2mol.L-1,峰面积仅减小1.2%,离子强度对有机物相对分子质量分布测定影响较小;样品pH值在中性或酸性时不影响测定结果,pH值为碱性时,TOC响应异常;采用流动相配定的样品较超纯水配定的样品,相对分子质量分布曲线中干扰峰明显减小,出峰效果更好;该联用技术可以很好地表征湘江原水及其4种亲疏水性组分的相对分子质量分布.     

紫外线消毒系统中强度分布的理论计算与生物验证对比

应用以MPSS模型为基础的计算软件UV calc对某饮用水紫外线消毒反应器进行强度分布的计算,同时,采用枯草芽孢杆菌(ATCC9372)作为受试菌种进行生物验证.结果显示,在该反应器中理论计算数值总体上明显高于生物验证的数值,反应器中最低紫外剂量区域出现在2支灯管之间的反应器壁附近.另外,理论计算和生物验证的误差与流量、透光率具有相关性.在高流量、低透光率的情况下,理论计算的数值更接近于生物验证数值.相对于理论计算,生物验证是确定紫外线反应器剂量反应曲线的可靠方法.     

Anti-fouling ultrafiltration membrane prepared from polysulfone-graft-methyl acrylate copolymers by UV-induced grafting method

Membrane fouling is one of the most important challenges faced in membrane ultrafiltration operations. The copolymers of polysulfone-graft-methyl acrylate were synthesized by homogeneous photo-initiated graft copolymerization. The variables affecting the degree of grafting, such as the time of UV(Ultraviolet-visible)irradiation and the concentrations of the methyl acrylate and photoinitiator, were investigated. The graft copolymer membranes were prepared by the phase inversion method. The chemical and morphological changes were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angles measurements. Results revealed that methyl acrylate groups were present on the membranes and the graft degree of methyl acrylate had remarkable effect on the performance of membranes. Pure water contact allgle on the membrane surface decreases with the increase of methyl acrylate graftdegree. which indicated that the hydrophilicity of graft copolymer membranes Was improved. The permeation fluxes of pure water and bovine serum albumin solution were measured to evaluate the antifouling property of graft copolymer membranes, the results of which have shown an enhancement of antifouling property for graft copoly mermembranes.     

紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质及其混凝性能的影响

为探明紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液在后续混凝过程的促进原理,系统考察了紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质的影响规律,以及这些理化性质上的变化对腐殖酸混凝性能的影响.结果表明,经紫外辐射处理后,除Zeta电位外,腐殖酸溶液的p H、色度和黏度均呈现不同程度的下降趋势.进一步研究发现,黏度对腐殖酸溶液的混凝效果影响相对较弱.酸性条件下,腐殖酸溶液的混凝性能明显增加.Zeta电位的增加使得胶体之间更易聚集沉淀.此外,除了相对分子质量为10×10~3~30×10~3和小于1×10~3的腐殖酸所占比例增加外,低分子量腐殖酸所占比重也无明显改变,这可能是紫外辐射后腐殖酸溶液混凝性能不降反增的重要原因.     

紫外线消毒中的光复活作用

近年来,紫外线消毒技术在水处理中得到了越来越广泛的应用,它主要是利用短波紫外对微生物的伤害作用,通过在DNA中形成环丁烷嘧啶二聚体,阻碍基因的正常复制,从而导致细菌失活.但是细菌体内的光裂解酶在远紫外光和可见光作用下能够使失活的细菌重新获得活性,这就是光复活作用.低压消毒设备处理后大肠杆菌表现出了一定的光复活能力,但中压消毒设备能够有效的抑制其光复活作用;而噬肺军团菌在低压和中压设备处理后都表现出了很强的光复活能力.在应用紫外线消毒技术时光复活作用的影响不容忽视.     

Suspended particle effects on ClO2/ultraviolet light combined disinfection of effluent

The concentration of suspended solids of effluent often varies in a wide range, therefore the dose of ultraviolet light （UV） in disinfection process needs to be adjusted to meet the disinfection criterion at a high frequency, and the desired disinfection effect is difficult to be ensured. The particles size and particle-associated fecal coliform （F.C.） contribution, and their influence on UV disinfection were investigated when ClO2 and UV combined disinfection process was used. The results showed that suspended solids content had a major impact on UV disinfection efficiency, especially the large particle size fraction. Particles （D〉10μm） associated F. C. were difficult to be disinfected and were the main part of the railings of F.C. inactivation curve. Pre-ClO2 oxidation could reduce the number of particles in effluent, and make large particles decrease to small ones. Therefore, the influence of particles on UV disinfection could be reduced after pre-ClO2 oxidation, and the resistance ability to particle loadings of combined process was enhanced. Moreover, the combined process has a lot of advantages, such as low toxicity, low operational/maintenance costs; it is also convenient to be established in the existing wastewater plant or the new planned one.     

自然光和UV辐照下二级出水DOM及毒性的变化

为了探明自然光和紫外光(UV)对二级处理出水中溶解性有机物(DOM)及其毒性效应的削减特性,研究了在自然光和UV两种不同光源的辐照条件下,二级处理出水中DOM的光谱特性、遗传毒性和植物毒性变化,阐明了毒性效应变化的成因.结果表明:相比于自然光照,UV辐照可以明显降低二级处理出水的UV254,并达到21％矿化.自然光和U...