河道护岸工程生命周期碳排放评价探讨

全球变暖已成为人类亟待解决的问题,而解决该问题的关键在于减少全球CO2、CH4和N2O等温室气体的排放。基于生命周期评价方法,将河道护岸工程生命周期全过程划分为材料生产、材料运输、施工建设、维护管理、拆毁处置(或回收)5个单元,进行了河道护岸工程生命周期碳排放来源分析,提出了适合于河道护岸工程的生命周期碳排放评价方法框架。利用此框架,文章对崇明岛典型河道护岸类型——钢筋砼桩板护岸进行了生命周期碳排放计算,得到1功能单位钢筋砼桩板护岸工程的生命周期碳排放为447.05 t。其中,原材料生产单元、材料运输单元和施工单元的碳排放分别为330.33,13.62,103.1 t。目前,崇明岛已有此种护岸工程长度约为2 983 km,得到其总碳排放为133.4万t,占上海2005年碳排放总量的2.30%。     

流域结构分析在水电梯级开发规划环评中的应用

以长江右岸一级支流磨刀溪流域为研究对象,利用卫星影像和地形图为基础数据,在GIS技术支持下,进行流域结构分级,并通过对各级溪流的河流属性、空间结构、生态特征等的分析,就流域结构分析在磨刀溪水电梯级开发规划环评中的应用进行了研究。     

水生植物对漓江流域水环境的影响

漓江水生植物能从水环境中吸收营养组分氮、磷,防止水环境富营养化;与水生藻类竞争,抑制其生长发育;还能与部分重金属络合,降低其环境毒性。对漓江的水环境有重要作用。     

两种不同填料的BAF工艺处理微污染河水的效果研究

随着经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,城市河道水体污染加剧,为环境带来压力,因此研究微污染水体的治理及恢复有着重要的意义。本实验以校园内河水为水源,选取2种合适的填料作为BAF工艺滤柱的填料来研究在自然条件下COD浓度为50～100mg／L,NH＋4-N浓度为6～10mg,／L微污染的校园河水的去除效果。结果表明,利用沸石作为填料去除COD、总氮和NH＋4-N的效果较陶粒相对更好;此外,本研究作为去除微污染研究的一部分,挂膜的顺利进行与另外一些外界因素有关系,如温度等。     

Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river—Fuyang River in northern China

Based on water quality surveys over 2 years(July to December,in 2014 and 2015) in a typical arid river in northern China the Xingtai segment of the Fuyang River basin — the variation of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) was analyzed.The extent of water eutrophication of this segment was also assessed using a universal index formula for eutrophic evaluation and a logarithmic power function.The results showed that the average concentration of total N(TN) was 27.2 mg/L(NH_3-N,63.5%),total P(TP) was 2.0 mg/L(solution reactive phosphorus,68.8%).Temporal and spatial variations of N and P in this segment were observed.Concentrations of N and P in the arid season were higher than those in the rainy season.Spatially,the N and P concentrations followed the same trend;i.e.,higher in the city segment than in the suburbs,and decreasing along the river.The water eutrophication in the studied segment reached extremely high levels at all times(eutrophication index ≥76.3).Spatially,its trend was clearly linked with N and P.Water shortage,pollution accumulation and a weak self-purification function are the main reasons for the prominent eutrophication in this segment.     

金属材料在天然河水中的腐蚀电位研究

目的弄清金属材料在天然河水中的腐蚀电位变化规律,获得它们的腐蚀电位序。方法利用自行研制的多通道电位自动采集装置,测试金属材料在武汉长江水中的腐蚀电位。结果获得了24种金属材料在天然河水中的腐蚀电位-时间曲线及腐蚀电位序图谱。结论金属材料在天然河水中初期腐蚀电位变化较快,同种类金属腐蚀电位变化规律基本相同,不同种类的金属材料腐蚀电位变化规律不同;金属材料在天然河水中的稳定腐蚀电位从低到高大致为镁阳极、纯锌、铝合金、铸铁、碳钢、低合金钢、铜合金和不锈钢。     

乌鲁木齐市"十二五"期间生物丰度指数变化研究

研究借助计算机监督分类手段,依照《生态环境状况评价技术规范HJ 192-2015》研究了乌鲁木齐市"十二五"期间生物丰度指数(biological richness index,BRI)变化情况.结果表明,乌鲁木齐市"十二五"末建设用地、林地、草地较初期增加16.61%、6.90%、0.57%,未利用地、耕地、水域则减少1.81%、3.31%、5.24%.整体BRI加权值为20.48,较初期下降1.68,其中乌鲁木齐县最高,为27.03,新市区为最低的14.06,总体生物丰度状况略微变差.该研究可为乌鲁木齐市生态环境建设提供依据.     

乌鲁木齐不同功能区昼间臭氧浓度变化特征分析

为了研究乌鲁木齐市昼间的近地层大气臭氧浓度变化特征,利用靛蓝二磺酸钠分光光度法(IDS法)对乌鲁木齐市不同功能区在采暖期前期、采暖期与采暖期后期昼间的小时臭氧浓度进行监测,分析与温度、太阳辐射、相对湿度的相关性。结果表明:乌鲁木齐市不同功能区昼间的小时臭氧浓度变化具有明显的"单峰型"变化规律,从早上09:00开始,臭氧浓度明显上升,最高的小时臭氧浓度出现在午后,其中,交通区、工业区昼间的小时臭氧浓度较高。不同时间段臭氧总平均浓度依次为采暖期前期>采暖期后期>采暖期,不同时间段昼间的小时臭氧浓度变化与太阳辐射、温度呈显著的正相关性,与相对湿度呈显著的负相关性。     

韦伯-费希纳定律在区域生态环境质量评价中的应用

文章利用韦伯-费希纳定律建立区域生态环境评价的新模型,并通过实例研究了区域生态环境质量状况,即巢湖流域总体以及分区巢湖市、六安市的生态环境质量为Ⅵ级、分区合肥市为Ⅲ级。与未确知测度评价方法进行比较,取得了满意的结果,实例应用表明:该评价模型结构严谨,评价结果合理,为区域生态环境质量评价提供了一种简单而适用的评价方法。     

Calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement of an urban river system and its deployment: A case study in Beijing central region

The minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system and water deployment are key elements in integrated water resources planning and urban ecological construction. Based on a review of ecological water requirement calculation methods and considering the different ecological functions of an urban river system, the ecological function method was used in this paper to calculate the components of the ecological water requirements of an urban river. An envelope curve-based method was proposed for assessing the minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system. Water resources deployment strategies designed to meet the minimum ecological water requirements were described. Then, the minimum ecological water requirements of the urban river system in Beijing central region, selected as a case study, were investigated. The key parameters for assessing the minimum ecological water requirement in the Beijing urban river system were determined. Based on the ecological objectives and the current status of the different urban river systems within the Beijing central region, the minimum ecological water requirements were calculated. Different types of water sources, including rainwater, upstream water, and reclaimed water, were deployed to meet the ecological water requirements for the urban river system in the Beijing central region.