PA6/煤系高岭土复合材料的制备与性能

用不同硅烷类偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂处理煤系高岭土,研究了煤系高岭土活化指数的变化,制备了PA6／煤系高岭土复合材料,研究了材料的力学性能和结晶行为。结果表明：在PA6中填充用偶联剂处理的煤系高岭土,可起到增强作用,其中钛酸脂偶联剂NDZ101效果较好,其合适用量为1％,经偶联剂处理的煤系高岭土比未处理的煤系高岭土具有更好的增强效果;煤系高岭土使尼龙6的结晶温度升高,结晶速度加快。     

铁屑去除地下水中Cr6+的试验研究

以铁屑和纯Fe0为供试介质处理地下水中Cr6 ,在不调节原水pH值情况下,通过室内对比试验发现铁屑比纯Fe0的去除效率高,且可使处理后水中Cr6 达到地下水质量标准的Ⅲ类标准,确定出铁屑去除Cr6 的最佳运行参数:铁屑与Cr6 的重量比为1395:1,反应时间为40 min,并分析讨论了其去除机理.     

MATLAB加VB实现实验室质量控制图的绘制

阐述了质量控制图在实验室质量控制中的作用和存在的问题,提出应用Visual Basic的界面设计功能,以及MATLAB的计算和图形处理功能,通过在VB中以ActiveX组件方式调用 MATLAB对象的属性和方法,实现质量控制中复杂的数据统计和图表的制作功能.并对《环境水质监测质量保证手册》中的各类质控图进行了实例示范.     

Linkages to manufacturing in the resource sector: The case of the Angolan oil and gas industry

This paper discusses the current state and future prospects of backward production linkages to the manufacturing sector in the Angolan oil and gas industry. The paper finds that local value-added links are currently limited to labour and to a lesser degree in basic services. However, there is a realistic and strategic potential for local manufacturing linkages to expand in the oilfield services sector of the industry, which in turn can stimulate industrial development. For this to be achieved, the factors that are currently constraining the expansion and deepening of linkages have to be addressed, namely, a weak local content strategy, a weak local skills and industrial base and the integration of industrial and oil sector policies.     

Distribution, speciation and availability of antimony (Sb) in soils and terrestrial plants from an active Sb mining area

Here, we present one of the first studies investigating the mobility, solubility and the speciation-dependent in-situ bioaccumulation of antimony (Sb) in an active Sb mining area (Xikuangshan, China). Total Sb concentrations in soils are high (527-11,798 mg kg⁻¹), and all soils, including those taken from a paddy field and a vegetable garden, show a high bioavailable Sb fraction (6.3-748 mg kg⁻¹), dominated by Sb(V). Elevated concentrations in native plant species (109-4029 mg kg⁻¹) underpin this. Both chemical equilibrium studies and XANES data suggest the presence of Ca[Sb(OH)₆]₂, controlling Sb solubility. A very close relationship was found between the citric acid extractable Sb in plants and water or sulfate extractable Sb in soil, indicating that citric acid extractable Sb content in plants may be a better predictor for bioavailable Sb in soil than total acid digestible Sb plant content.     

重金属Cr~(6+)在填埋场固化污泥阻滞层-土-水系统中迁移分析

为研究重金属Cr6+在填埋场固化污泥阻滞层及周边水土环境中的迁移,首先通过室内柔性壁实验得出了重金属Cr6+的水动力弥散参数,然后采用数值分析方法研究了重金属Cr6+在固化污泥阻滞层-土-水系统中100年内的迁移规律,指出在地层中设置固化污泥对于Cr6+离子的迁移有延迟阻滞作用。并对比分析了未设有阻滞层的情况,得到了重金属Cr6+历经10年、50年、60年和100年的迁移范围和浓度分布规律。     

玻璃减薄蚀刻液中氟硅酸的选择性脱除方法

光电玻璃减薄蚀刻液中氟硅酸(H2SiF6)的累积,是导致蚀刻液无法连续使用而转化为废液的主要原因。尝试对蚀刻废液中氟硅酸进行选择性脱除工艺,探索刻蚀液循环利用的有效处理方法。鉴于氟硅酸的碱金属盐具有溶解度较低的特点,研究考察了利用钠盐或钾盐为沉淀剂,将废液中的H2SiF6以氟硅酸盐的形式沉淀去除,为实现蚀刻液的循环利用提供可能。结果表明,KCl相比NaCl对H2SiF6处理效果更好,但生成的K2SiF6的结晶颗粒过细,难以自然沉降,过滤效果较差;而Na2SiF6结晶沉降特性较好,且使用NaCl为沉淀剂具有价廉易得等特点,可作为氟硅酸的理想沉淀剂。H2SiF6去除率与碱金属盐H2SiF6摩尔计量比正相关,当摩尔计量比NaCl/H2SiF6=2,H2SiF6含量10%的模拟废液,其H2SiF6去除率可达到90%以上。     

Growth and photosynthetic responses to copper in wild grapevine

The present study evaluates the tolerance and accumulation potential of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris under moderate and high external Cu levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of external Cu concentrations (0–23 mmol L⁻¹) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments. We also measured the total copper, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and sodium concentrations in the plant tissues. All the experimental plants survived even with external Cu concentrations as high as 23 mmol L⁻¹ (1500 mg Cu L⁻¹), although the excess of metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 35%. The effects of Cu on growth were linked to a reduction in net photosynthesis, which may be related to the effect of the high concentration of the metal on photosynthetic electron transport. V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris survived with leaf Cu concentrations as high as 80 mg kg⁻¹ DW and growth parameters were unaffected by leaf tissue concentrations of 35 mg Cu kg⁻¹ DW. The results of our study indicate that plants of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from the studied population are more tolerant to Cu than the commercial varieties of grapevine that have been studied in the literature, and could constitute a basis for the genetic improvement of Cu tolerance in grapevine.     

Expression alterations of cytochromes P4501A1, 2E1, and 3A,and their receptors AhR and PXR caused by 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in mouse mammary carcinoma cells

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a key role in the metabolism of a wide range of environmental xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The expression and activity levels of CYPs can be elevated by a process of induction involving the activation of nuclear receptors. The effects of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C₈mim][Cl]) on the expression of cytochrome P450 members, including CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A, as well as on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) in mouse mammary carcinoma cells (EMT6) were investigated by using quantitative real-time PCR in the present study. The results reveal that [C₈mim][Cl]-exposure up-regulates the expressions of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A at mRNA level, suggesting that imidazolium-based ionic liquids can activate CYPs. Our results also suggest that [C₈mim][Cl]-mediated CYP3A induction be PXR-dependent. This result may be beneficial to evaluating the environmental toxicity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and investigating the metabolism of imidazolium-derivative drugs.     

新车免检新政实施后对高污染车的管理思路与对策的探讨

2014年9月1日起,国家试行6年以内的非营运轿车等车辆免检制度。大多数城市根据此规定,对于车辆的排放定期检验也同步实施6年免检。随着汽车保有量的快速增长,车辆尾气排放对大气环境的影响不容忽视。因此,地方环保部门应针对机动车污染排放的管理重点,从管理手段、管理体制机制、管理对策等方面进一步加强对高污染车辆的监管。