Spectroscopic tools for remote sensing of greenhouse gases CH<Subscript>4</Subscript>, CF<Subscript>4</Subscript> and SF<Subscript>6</Subscript>

Highly symmetrical molecules such as CH₄, CF₄ or SF₆ are known to be atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. High-resolution spectroscopy in the infrared is particularly suitable for the monitoring of gas concentration and radiative transfers in the earth's atmosphere. This technique requires extensive theoretical studies for the modeling of the spectra of such molecules (positions, intensities and shapes of absorption lines). Here, we have developed powerful tools for the analysis and the simulation of absorption spectra of highly symmetrical molecules. These tools have been implemented in the spherical top data system (STDS) and highly-spherical top data system (HTDS) software available at http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/LPUB/shTDS.html. They include a compilation of modeled data obtained during the last 20 years. An overview of our latest results in this domain will be presented. Electronic Publication     

急性冷暴露对仔猪血浆中IL-2、IL-6、ACTH和皮质醇水平的影响

为了探讨急性冷应激对仔猪免疫系统的影响,本试验将18头45 d"约克夏"仔猪随机分成常温对照组(Control,C)、冷暴露组(Cold exposure,CE)和冷暴露并阻断糖皮质激素受体组(Cold exposure+RU486,CER).常温组在18～20 ℃、冷暴露各组在4～8℃环境下分栏饲养.冷暴露时间持续12 h,在冷暴露开始后的第0、1、3、6、9、12 h六个时间点对18头仔猪采血并分离血浆,分别使用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测各血浆样品的IL-2和IL-6水平,放射免疫分析法测定血浆样品的ACTH和皮质醇水平.结果显示:单纯冷暴露组IL-2水平和IL-6水平在冷暴露6 h时明显升高(P<0.01),ACTH水平在各时间点均明显降低(P<0.01),而Cortisol水平仅在冷暴露3 h时明显升高(P<0.01),IL-2与IL-6的水平呈强相关(r=0.959 5),ACTH与IL-2的水平呈巾等强度负相关(r=-0.435 9)、与IL-6的水平呈弱的负相关,皮质醇与IL-2的水平呈弱的负相关、与IL-6的水平呈中等强度负相关(r=-0.447 8);受体阻断组IL-2在冷暴露6h、9 h和12 h时均明显升高(P<0.01),IL-6在冷暴露6 h明显升高(P<0.01),ACTH在冷暴露各时间点均明显降低(P<0.01),IL-2和IL-6水平呈中等相关(r=0.416 1),ACTH与IL-2、IL-6的水平均呈强负相关(r=-0.676 5/-0.717 4),皮质醇与IL-2、IL-6均呈弱负相关.上述结果表明,急性冷暴露能使IL-2、IL-6及皮质醇的分泌增强,且阻断糖皮质激素受体会导致IL-2和IL-6之间以及ACTH与IL-2/IL-6之间的相关性改变.图1参21     

The ratio of clay content to total organic carbon content is a useful parameter to predict adsorption of the herbicide butachlor in soils

Thirteen soils collected from 11 provinces in eastern China were used to investigate the butachlor adsorption. The results indicated that the total organic carbon (TOC) content, clay content, amorphous Fe2O3 content, silt content, CEC, and pH had a combined effect on the butachlor sorption on soil. Combination of the data obtained from the 13 soils in the present study with other 23 soil samples reported by other researchers in the literature showed that Koc would be a poor predictive parameter for butachlor adsorption on soils with TOC content higher than 4.0% and lower than 0.2%. The soils with the ratio of clay content to TOC content (RCO) values less than 60 adsorbed butachlor mainly by the partition into soil organic matter matrix. The soils with RCO values higher than 60 apparently adsorbed butachlor by the combination of the partition into soil organic matter matrix and adsorption on clay surface.     

城市垃圾填埋场建设环境影响评价支持系统设计

我国卫生填埋场产生的环境污染愈来愈突出，引起人们普遍关注。填埋场建设之前做好环境影响评价，对于垃圾填埋场选址，建设，管理，以及有效防止填埋场对环境污染显得非常重要。填埋场环境影响评价考虑因素很多，需要应用较多的数学模型及方法。鉴于此，在对其环境影响系统分析基础上本文建立了一个评价内容全面，实用性强，规范快速的填埋环境影响评价系统EIASL(Environmental Impact Assessment System of Landfill)。     

铁屑去除地下水中Cr^6＋的试验研究

以铁屑和纯Fe^0为供试介质处理地下水中Cr^6＋,在不调节原水pH值情况下,通过室内对比试验发现铁屑比纯Fe^0的去除效率高,且可使处理后水中Cr^6＋达到地下水质量标准的Ⅲ类标准,确定出铁屑去除Cr^6＋的最佳运行参数：铁屑与Cr^6＋的重量比为1395：1,反应时间为40 min,并分析讨论了其去除机理.     

Chemical synthesis of 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one: a natural antifungal biosynthesized by Trichoderma spp.

Trichoderma spp. biosynthesize 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP), a natural antifungal pyrone which could be used as biological control agent (BCA). Unfortunately, biotechnical processes are limited by inhibition of biomass at high concentration of 6-PP. We report herein a new easy synthesis of this natural pyrone, using readily available starting materials. This synthesis, compatible with a large production scale, permit to obtain overweight amounts of 6-PP that in biotechnological routes.     

Enzymatic and cellular level effects of chromium∗

Exposure of Cr to four hepatic enzymes activities of tilapia, viz. acid‐ and alkaline phosphatases, catalase and glucose‐6‐phosphatase, was contrary to the results obtained for Cd and Ni. This is the only heavy metal investigated thus far that dramatically augmented glucose‐6‐phosphatase by approximately 83% at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 in vivo in lieu of the fact of an initial inhibition of approximately 45 % at a lower concentration of Cr; 6 mg L^‐1. In the case of acid phosphatase and catalase activities progressive increment was observed up to 50 and 217% respectively at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 Cr. On the other hand, in contrast to all the investigated enzymes interestingly alkaline phosphatase was inhibited continuously at all concentrations up to 46% at 12 mgL^‐1 Cr. In vitro experiments were contrary to the above mentioned results, whereby all hepatic enzymes were inhibited with major inhibition observed for acid phosphatase of approximately 60% from 5 mgL^‐1 Cr onwards in the system.

At cellular level, Cr exposure at a lethal dose of 12 mgL^‐1 demonstrated similar effects to that of Cd. In general, the glycogen and fat reserves were depleted while lysosomal activity is increased. As compared to the effects of Cd, the mitochondria did not indicate any prominent reflection in the formation of intramitochondrial bodies. Further, similar to Cd, the cell membrane as well as nucleus were not affected.     

In vivo effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on renal and hepatic atpases of a freshwater teleost Anabas scandens

The in vivo toxic effect of trivalent and hexavalent chromium (25 mg/L) on the renal and hepatic tissue ATPases of an edible teleost Anabas scandens was studied. In an exposure span of 30 days Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase activity exhibited a progressive inhibition in the kidney, but marked inhibition in Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase activity was observed in the liver. Mg²⁺ ATPase activity, however, exhibited an elevation on early exposures, with a later inhibition.     

易燃易爆危险物质泄漏扩散仿真及其应用的研究

以某轻烃厂泄漏事故为研究对象，研制并开发了一个事故后果仿真软件（ＰＣＩＭＳ）．针对仿真过程中存在的问题，如模型的复杂性、参数的不确定性等提出了处理方法．通过具体生产装置的泄漏扩散后果分析，演示了ＰＣＩＭＳ的仿真结果