石化工业园区区域环境风险后评价的风险识别

松花江污染事故发生后,国家更加重视对已有石化工业园区的风险排查以及事故预防,风险识别是风险评价与管理的基础。通过查阅相关资料以及类比分析,分析了已有区域风险识别与普通风险识别的不同,探讨了识别的原则和重点,指出了识别的程序和相应的方法,并给出了实例论证,为区域环境风险识别研究提供借鉴。     

Divergent evolution of feeding substrate preferences in a phylogenetically young species flock of pupfish (Cyprinodon spp.)

A fundamental question in sympatric speciation is how trophic divergence is achieved. We used an extremely young (<8,000 years) species flock of pupfish (Cyprinodon spp.) from Laguna Chichancanab in south-eastern Mexico to examine divergent evolution of preferences for different feeding substrates. In a test aquarium, we presented four feeding substrates (sand, gravel, a plastic plant, and blank bottom), but no actual food was offered. The four feeding substrates were chosen to mirror the most common substrate types in Laguna Chichancanab. Previous studies demonstrated that benthic food items prevail in the diet of most Cyprinodon species. C. beltrani preferred sand, whereas C. labiosus preferred gravel. F₁ hybrids of both species showed intermediate preferences. C. maya searched for food equally at all substrates. As the test fish were reared under identical laboratory conditions (i.e., in the absence of feeding substrates), the species-specific preferences appear to be genetically fixed, suggesting rapid divergent evolution of feeding behaviors.     

广西环江尾矿重金属形态及其潜在迁移能力分析

以广西环江地区某尾矿库3个区域的尾矿样品为研究对象,在化学成分和矿物成分分析的基础上,运用Dold七步分级化学提取法,研究了Zn,Cd,Pb,As,Sb和Ni 6种重金属的赋存形态特征,并分析了其潜在迁移能力。结果表明,3个区域的尾矿样品均为碳酸盐型金属硫化物尾矿,样品中Zn和Pb的质量浓度较高(分别达4 119.9 mg/kg和3 375.1 mg/kg),Cd和Ni的质量浓度相对较低,As和Sb的质量浓度差别较大(可达191.5 mg/kg和86.5 mg/kg)。形态分析结果表明,Zn和As的迁移性较强,且具有一定的环境风险,Pb,Cd,Sb和Ni相对较稳定。     

湘南某矿区菜园土中典型重金属的形态分析

分别运用Tessier连续提取法和Leleyter连续提取法研究湘南某矿区菜园土中Pb,Zn,Cu和Cd的形态分布特征.结果表明：菜园土中Pb,Zn,Cu和Cd的总浓度严重超过国家土壤环境质量标准.Pb,Zn,Cu和Cd的主要形态是残渣态,水溶态和交换态所占比例较小.重金属生物可利用性的研究表明,Pb,Zn,Cu和Cd生物可利用的含量较少;在Tessier方法中,除Cu之外,生物不可利用态是主要形态,其次是潜在生物可利用态,而在Leleyter方法中,潜在生物可利用态是主要形态,其次是生物不可利用态.     

^32P后标记法测DNA加合物

＾３２Ｐ后标记方法测ＤＮＡ－致癌物的加合物过程是用小球菌核酸酶和脾核酸酶将ＤＮＡ及加合物酶解成２′－脱氧核苷３′－单磷酸（３′－ｄＮｍＰ＋３′－ｄｘｍＰ）,以它为底物,用Ｔ４多核苷酸激酶催化,使γ＾３２ＰＡＴＰ的放射＾３２Ｐ转移反应到底物上,形成２′－脱氧核苷３′５′．ｄＮＤＰ＋３′５′＊ｄｘＤＰ）,用ＯＤＳ－ＴＬＣ和ＰＥＩ－ＴＬＣ结合将标记过的二磷酸分离分辨,用自显影制成加合物的指纹图,液闪计数     

乌梁素海鱼类种群变化的研究

根据乌梁素海实地调查和资料分析 ,对乌梁素海鱼类种类、区系特征、鱼类种群现状及变化进行分析 ,并提出保护鱼类种群及鱼类资源的建议     

Effects of Climate Change on Population Persistence of Desert-Dwelling Mountain Sheep in California

Abstract:  Metapopulations may be very sensitive to global climate change, particularly if temperature and precipitation change rapidly. We present an analysis of the role of climate and other factors in determining metapopulation structure based on presence and absence data. We compared existing and historical population distributions of desert bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis ) to determine whether regional climate patterns were correlated with local extinction. To examine all mountain ranges known to hold or to have held desert bighorn populations in California and score for variables describing climate, metapopulation dynamics, human impacts, and other environmental factors, we used a geographic information system (GIS) and paper maps. We used logistic regression and hierarchical partitioning to assess the relationship among these variables and the current status of each population (extinct or extant). Parameters related to climate—elevation, precipitation, and presence of dependable springs—were strongly correlated with population persistence in the twentieth century. Populations inhabiting lower, drier mountain ranges were more likely to go extinct. The presence of domestic sheep grazing allotments was negatively correlated with population persistence. We used conditional extinction probabilities generated by the logistic-regression model to rank native, naturally recolonized, and reintroduced populations by vulnerability to extinction under several climate-change scenarios. Thus risk of extinction in metapopulations can be evaluated for global-climate-change scenarios even when few demographic data are available.     

Numerical integration of chemical ODE problems arising in air pollution models

The numerical treatment of a regional air pollution model (such models are, as a rule, described mathematically by systems of partial differential equations) leads to the solution of very large computational problems. The chemical submodel of an air pollution model is normally the most timeconsuming part of the computational work. The application of appropriate discretization and splitting procedures reduces the chemical submodel to a large number of relatively small ODE systems (one such system per gridpoint). In the process of searching for efficient numerical algorithms for the chemical submodels one can carry out experiments by using only one such ODE system in order to facilitate the work. This approach has been used in connection with a particular chemical scheme, the condensed CBM IV scheme, which is used in several large air pollution models. Six integration algorithms have been tested on a set of typical scenarios (consisting of different starting concentrations and/or of different values of the emissions). The advantages and the disadvantages of the algorithms tested are discussed. The final decision about the most efficient algorithm, among the algorithms tested, should be made after a second series of experiments. The coupling of the chemical process with the transport of air pollution (on, at least, a twodimensional domain) together with the application of highspeed computers has to be studied in the second series of experiments, which will be performed in a subsequent paper.     

华东电网电力供应及SO2排放预测

根据华东电网电力供需现状、一次能源资源情况、机组退役计划和区外来电情况以及负荷需求预测,重点分析了2005和2010年华东电网煤电机组的变化情况,并根据华东电网煤电机组现有的排放水平,对2005年上海、江苏和浙江的SO2排放进行预测.      

Study on Lockout Procedures for the Safety of Workers Intervening on Equipment in the Municipal Sector in Québec

In Québec, workers intervening in hazardous zones of machines, equipment and processes during maintenance, repairs and unjamming activities have to apply lockout procedures. Lockout procedures involve shutting down the equipment, isolating it, applying individual locks, releasing residual energies and verifying the absence of energies. Lockout has mostly been linked to industrial sectors. However, the municipal sector also faces challenges when it comes to controlling hazardous energies. The objectives of this research are to study serious accidents linked to our subject, study the application of lockout in different municipalities in Québec, identify the specificities for the municipal sector and propose some means to support the application of lockout. We will show that lockout procedures are required in different locations in municipalities and that they are currently being implemented in the municipal sector in Québec. Moreover, we propose a model which aims at facilitating the implementation of lockout procedures in the municipal sector.