电磁干扰信号频谱分析

在电磁兼容测试过程中,针对某些产品仅因印制板上某些脉冲信号引起辐射骚扰超标导致产品认证失败的问题,首先介绍了与傅里叶变换有关的3个不等式及证明过程,利用这些不等式对不规则脉冲信号的频谱包络进行了详细推导,并用一个具体的不规则脉冲信号进行了频谱包络验证。结果表明:工程上对一些不用精确求取不规则脉冲信号频谱的应用时,利用以上3个不等式即可大大简化频谱包络求取过程,掌握这些脉冲信号的频谱包络特征,对于优化印制板布局、布线具有十分重要的工程指导意义。     

群体感应信号分子存在下磺胺对大肠杆菌生长、突变及R388质粒接合转移的影响

抗生素的滥用使细菌耐药性问题日益突出,给许多疾病的预防与控制增加了难度。基因突变和质粒接合转移是细菌获得抗生素抗性基因的主要方式,许多研究围绕抗性基因来展开,但是关于群体感应对于抗性基因产生和传播的影响鲜有报道。本文以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)为模式生物,群体感应信号分子N-(β-酮己酰)-L-高丝氨酸内酯(3-oxo-C6-HSL,C6)和3种磺胺类抗生素(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺氯哒嗪)为研究对象,测定了其对大肠杆菌生长效应、突变效应及接合转移效应的影响。结果表明:C6不影响磺胺对大肠杆菌的生长抑制率,但能够削弱磺胺对大肠杆菌突变的促进作用,并且能增强磺胺对大肠杆菌R388质粒接合转移的抑制作用。本文为从群体感应角度研究大肠杆菌耐药性的产生与传播提供新思路。     

茉莉酸类物质(JAs)的生理特性及其在逆境胁迫中的抗性作用

以茉莉酸(JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)为代表的茉莉酸类物质(JAs)是广泛存在于高等植物体内的一种新型植物生长调节物质,在调节植物生长发育、光合特性、抗逆反应等起着重要的作用。茉莉酸类物质能抑制植物生长,抑制种子和花粉粒萌发,促进叶片和果实衰老,加速细胞的分裂和膨大,促进气孔关闭,诱导禾本科植物的颖花开放;此外还能调节植物的光合作用和呼吸作用及保护酶活性。目前更多的研究表明,茉莉酸(酯)类物质是与抗性密切相关的植物生长物质,它作为内源信号分子参与植物在机械伤害、病虫害、干旱、盐胁迫、低温等条件下的抗逆反应。在植物受到伤害时,植物体内茉莉酸及其衍生物的含量显著增加,进而诱导一系列与抗逆有关的基因表达,如蛋白酶抑制剂、硫蛋白和苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)等,提高酯氧合酶活性,从而增强植物的抗性。研究还发现,在干旱逆境胁迫条件下,与脱落酸(ABA)的表现相似,茉莉酸类物质大量积累,外施能增强植物的抗旱性。茉莉酸与脱落酸在抑制生长、促进衰老和逆境胁迫的反应上作用极为相似,两者可协同起作用或独立发挥,而茉莉酸与水杨酸(SA)二者之间则大多研究认为存在相互抑制的拮抗作用,但也有一定协同作用。而茉莉酸与各种激素的信号传导途径的相互作用机制仍有待进一步深入研究。     

中国火灾探测技术的现状及其发展趋势

对我国火灾探测技术进行讨论。随着社会的进步,建筑物结构的复杂化程度越来越高。对于高可靠性、智能化、快速响应的新型火灾探测技术的研究是火灾探测领域的研究热点和发展趋势。     

光电探测器微变信号放大电路的设计和分析

针对火灾探测过程中的光电探测器输出的微弱信号设计了一个微变信号提取放大电路。将探测器内阻分解为微变内阻和不变内阻,采用两路取样信号方法进行差模放大。经过计算选择了特定的电路参数,使得电路输出和探测器微变内阻成正比关系,从而实现了微变信号的放大。用斩波方法进行了电路输出性能的实验。对电路参数的选择以及温漂问题进行了详细分析。     

手传振动的危害及防护

综述了手传振动危害的现状及为减少振动危害开展的工作。对国内关于振动危害调查报告进行了汇总分析;研究了按行业、工种的分布情况并对常见的手持工具进行了振动测试及评价;对防振方面采取的措施进行了调查及分析;回顾及介绍了涉及手传振动的法规及标准     

优化爆破参数,减小对充填体的振动

采用机械化下向胶结充填采矿生产工艺,充填体假顶是采场生产安全的保证。为正确应用充填技术,做到安全生产,着重阐述了通过优化爆破参数,减小了爆破振动对充填体产生的危害,从而提高了井下职工在充填体下工作的安全性,并为减少矿山伤亡事故提供了经验。     

Effects of traffic noise on tree frog stress levels,immunity, and color signaling

During the last decade, many studies have focused on the detrimental effects of noise pollution on acoustic communication. Surprisingly, although it is known that noise exposure strongly influences health in humans, studies on wildlife remain scarce. In order to gain insight into the consequences of traffic noise exposure, we experimentally manipulated traffic noise exposure as well as the endocrine status of animals to investigate physiological and phenotypic consequences of noise pollution in an anuran species. We showed that noise exposure increased stress hormone level and induced an immunosuppressive effect. In addition, both traffic noise exposure and stress hormone application negatively impacted H. arborea vocal sac coloration. Moreover, our results suggest profound changes in sexual selection processes because the best quality males with initial attractive vocal sac coloration were the most impacted by noise. Hence, our study suggests that the recent increases in anthropogenic noise worldwide might affect a broader range of animal species than previously thought, because of alteration of visual signals and immunity. Generalizing these results to other taxa is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity in an increasingly noisy world.     

石英ESR法在黄河现代沉积物物源示踪研究中的可行性分析

石英ESR信号示踪法作为一种新的物源示踪方法,已经被较好地应用于东亚地质历史时期风尘堆积物和现代沙尘沉降物的物源示踪研究中。首先简要回顾了石英ESR信号示踪法的研究现状,进一步基于石英ESR信号示踪法的母岩年代和结晶度原理,探讨该方法对黄河沉积物物源示踪的可行性及应用前景。     

Forecasting turbine problems by means of the state space framework

A forecasting system is set up to improve the diagnosis in a Condition Monitoring Programme of a critical turbine placed at an industrial plant. The system is based on a statistical model in a State Space framework, such that the local mean level of the vibration state of the equipment is estimated directly from the data, based on a continuous-time set up. This model is combined with a cost model in Conditioned Monitoring, by which the time of preventive replacement is produced when the minimum of the expected cost per unit of time is reached into the future. Such measure is a combination of the costs of failure, the costs of a preventive replacement and the probabilities of reaching the alarm levels fixed by some criteria. The system is estimated by Maximum Likelihood and thoroughly tested on the equipment. The main tests relate to statistical properties of the model residuals and a comprehensive comparison with an alternative system, namely a linear trend regression model in continuous time. The system produced a reasonable forecasting performance and sensible time of preventive replacement prediction and outperformed the alternative forecasting system.