蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术测试石油化工废水的生物毒性

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测石油化工废水遗传毒性,并利用污染指数进行毒性等级的划分,各排口废水均有不同程度的遗传毒性效应.评价其废水的处理效果,经F检验结果表明,处理前后MCN‰有显著性差异.     

大庆地区主要排水干渠水质和底质遗传生物毒性测试的探索

探讨了用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术测试大庆地区主要排水干渠水质及底质的遗传毒性.并且通过污染指数PI值来研究水质底质的的综合毒性.结果表明作为一种灵敏度高、成本低廉的生物毒性监测方法,将在环境监测领域中有着广阔的应用前景.     

磁处理水对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传学效应

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核测试技术研究了磁化水（4200GS）对蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数、染色体桥率、不正常细胞率等遗传学指标的影响,目的是探讨磁处理水对生物体的遗传学效应,结果发现上述指标均有所上升,其中微核率和不正常细胞率上升显著,并且其大小与水在磁场中处理的时间长短有关,提示磁处理水（4200GS）有一定的遗传学毒性     

蚕豆叶尖细胞及人淋巴细胞微核率对超声波诊断仪的监测

用蚕豆叶尖细胞微核率（MNR）及人淋巴细胞（MNR）对比观察超声波诊断工作人员与仪器的关系,本实验结果表明,从事本工作5年即已有很显著的MNR改变,时间愈长MNR愈高。用蚕豆叶尖细胞之MNR检测工作环境,距探头60cm为直径的范围内皆能引起MNR的显著性改变,8h较4h更为严重,此范围正是工作人员及患者躯干所在的位置,应该引起人们的重视。     

蚕豆SCE检测环境诱变剂的方法学研究

通过大量探索性试验,对蚕豆根尖细胞ＳＣＥ的Ｂｒｄｕ－Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ法的试验条件,如Ｂｒｄｕ浓度、Ｂｒｄｕ标记时间及其长短、稀酸水解浓度、时间和温度等对分色的影响进行了详尽的研究,获得了最佳的实验条件及程序、克服了ＳＣＥ研究沿用的ＦＰＧ法程序复杂,难以普及的缺点。此外,还用其他遗传毒理学民本方法进行了比较研究,探索利用该技术检测环境诱变因素的可能性。     

应用模式生物检测饮用水源颗粒物的毒性效应

悬浮颗粒物在自然水体中广泛存在,大量小颗粒物(粒径<1μm)可吸附、聚集水中多种污染物,从而形成新的复合污染,影响水生生态系统。已有研究表明,颗粒物粒径越小,传统饮用水处理工艺越难以去除,因此,其表面吸附的污染物也会随之残留在水体中,对饮用水安全产生影响。本研究对南京某自来水厂进水和出水中的颗粒物进行了测定和对比,并选用3种不同种类的模式生物包括发光菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum)、纤细裸藻(Euglena gracilis)和蚕豆(Vicia faba L.),对饮用水源水中不同粒径颗粒物的毒性效应进行了测试。结果表明,传统水处理工艺对小颗粒物(粒径<1μm)的去除效果并不理想;经传统水处理工艺处理后,出水仍显著抑制发光菌发光强度以及纤细裸藻生长,对蚕豆的污染指数较高,可能存在一定健康隐患;进水中颗粒物粒径<1μm组对发光菌发光强度和纤细裸藻生长的抑制效应显著大于粒径≥1μm颗粒物组,蚕豆根尖的污染指数也更高,毒性更强。本研究结果可为饮用水的生物毒性检测和水处理工艺改良提供参考。     

Genotoxicity evaluation of water soil leachates by Ames test, comet assay, and preliminary Tradescantia micronucleus assay

Combining genotoxicity/mutagenicity tests and physico-chemical methodologies can be useful for determining the potential genotoxic contaminants in soil samples. The aim of our study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of soil by applying an integrated physico-chemical-biological approach. Soil samples were collected at six sampling points in a Slovenian industrial and agricultural region where contamination by heavy metals and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) are primarily caused by a nearby power plant. The in vitro alkaline version of the comet assay on water soil leachates was performed with Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. A parallel genotoxicity evaluation of the samples was performed by Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium and the Tradescantia micronucleus test. Pedological analyses, heavy metal content determination, and different physico-chemical analyses, were also performed utilizing standard methodology. Water leachates of soil samples were prepared according to standard methods. Since only a battery of biotests with prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms or cells can accurately estimate the effects of (geno)toxicants in soil samples and water soil leachates, a combination of three bioassays, with cells or organisms belonging to different trophic levels, was used. Genotoxicity of all six water soil leachates was proven by the comet assay on both human cell lines, however no positive results were detected by bacterial assay, Ames test. The Tradescantia micronucleus assay showed increase in micronuclei formation for three samples. According to these results we can assume that the comet assay was the most sensitive assay, followed by the micronucleus test. The Ames test does not appear to be sensitive enough for water soil leachates genotoxicity evaluations where heavy metal contamination is anticipated.     

温州市区内河水质毒性评价

采用分析水质理化指标及蚕豆根尖微核试验对市区内河水质进行监测,并结合现场调查,评价市区内河水污染状况,结果表明市区内河水污染较重,并具有一定遗传毒性.     

Sensitive crop species and appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of Pb-contaminated soils

The present study aims to determine the phytotoxic effects of lead (Pb) on corn (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and to identify the sensitive crop species and appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of Pb-contaminated soil. In a laboratory experiment, Pb(NO₃)₂ was added to the background soil to obtain eight Pb treatments. The results indicate that the seed germination rate of lettuce decreases by 14.44%, 30.00% and 40.00% at 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg Pb kg^?1 soil, respectively. However, the germination of corn, wheat, cucumber and cabbage is not significantly influenced by the Pb-contaminated soil treated with all the tested concentrations. Furthermore, the root elongation is more sensitive to Pb than is seed germination. The minimum concentrations of adverse effect of maize, wheat, cucumber, cabbage and lettuce are 2000, 3000, 1300, 800 and 300 mg Pb kg^?1 soil, respectively. Moreover, dicotyledon species are more sensitive than monocotyledon species. In the genotoxicity study, the mitotic index (MI) fluctuates with an increasing Pb concentration. The micronuclei (MN) frequencies of cucumber, cabbage and lettuce exhibit a dose-dependent effect at concentrations ranging from 1300 to 4000 mg Pb kg^?1 soil. It can be concluded that lettuce is a good candidate for indicating the toxicity of Pb in soil. Root elongation and the micronucleus frequency of dicotyledon are appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of Pb-contaminated soil.     

Ecotoxicological assessment of sediment from Texcalac River and agricultural soil of riverside area,in Tlaxcala,Mexico

This study assesses the potential risk of Texcalac River and riparian area. The p,p′ DDT and ∑DDTs levels in agricultural soils (3.9–208.0?µg/kg) and in surface sediments (0.6–137?µg/kg) surpassing the guidelines for protection of aquatic life (75% > TEC). The ∑PCBs concentration oscillated from 135 to 93941?µg/kg; the half of sediments exceeded the international guidelines (PEL, PEC), as well as two soils (SQGE?=?500?µg/kg). The TEQ concentration of four PCB-DL varied between 0.1 and 24.9?µg TEQ/kg, chiefly affected by PCB 169. Five sediments were lethal for E. foetida, two resulted to be cytotoxic and the 58% produced genotoxicity higher than negative control (A?=?0.28?±?0.05; DICA?=?72.5?±?16.9 au). Likewise, 31.6% of samples increased the micronuclei frequency in V. faba in comparison with negative control. The analytical data and the bioassays results suggest a significant and immediate risk to exposed biota of this region, highlighting a specific area in Texcalac River and other one in Sambrano Ravine. It is necessity assess the dispersion of pollutants and perform biomonitoring studies that display the exposure levels in biota with the goal to characterise the ecotoxicological risk.