模拟酸雨及A1^3＋共同作用对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

以蚕豆为材料，研究了模拟酸雨及酸雨与铝共同作用的细胞遗传学效应．结果表明，根尖细胞有丝分裂指数随Al^3＋浓度的升高和环境酸度的增强而下降；处理组细胞中出现了多种染色体异常，如染色体粘连、滞后及断裂等．模拟酸雨及其与低浓度Al^3＋（3mg／L）共同作用时可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核，其中pH4．5组微核率高于pH3．5组．模拟酸雨与高浓度的Al^3＋（10～180mg／L）复合处理可引起根尖细胞固缩，固缩率随Al^3＋浓度增加和pH降低而增高．研究结果表明，pH4．5和pH3．5的模拟酸雨和Al^3＋对蚕豆根尖细胞具有遗传损伤作用，其效应与Al^3＋浓度和环境酸度有关．     

模拟酸雨及Al3+共同作用对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

以蚕豆为材料,研究了模拟酸雨及酸雨与铝共同作用的细胞遗传学效应.结果表明,根尖细胞有丝分裂指数随Al3 浓度的升高和环境酸度的增强而下降;处理组细胞中出现了多种染色体异常,如染色体粘连、滞后及断裂等.模拟酸雨及其与低浓度Al3 (3mg/L)共同作用时可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核,其中pH4.5组微核率高于pH3.5组.模拟酸雨与高浓度的Al3 (10～180mg/L)复合处理可引起根尖细胞固缩,固缩率随Al3 浓度增加和pH降低而增高.研究结果表明,pH4.5和pH3.5的模拟酸雨和Al3 对蚕豆根尖细胞具有遗传损伤作用,其效应与Al3 浓度和环境酸度有关.     

氟化钠与强致突变物联合诱致的高等植物细胞微核效应

氟化钠在与强致突变物的联合实验中均发生较强的颉颃(减毒)作用,例如非常显著地抑制由平阳霉素(染色体断裂剂)或秋水仙素(有丝分裂毒素)诱致的微核效应(F＇相似文献   

蚕豆根细胞慧星试验对西河水诱变性检测

本文采用新建立的蚕豆根细胞慧星试验对南充市西河三个污染断面河水污染物的DNA损伤作用进行了监测。结果表明,所监测的三个点均存在较明显的诱变剂／致癌剂污染;新建立的蚕豆根细胞慧星试验的灵敏度足以直接检测水体环境致突变／致癌物的污染。     

Integrated biomonitoring assessment of the Lesina Lagoon (Southern Adriatic Coast, Italy): preliminary results

An integrated biomonitoring program for marine and coastal ecosystems quality assessment combines the chemical characterization of a site with the evaluation of the possible structure alterations of its living communities. This can be considered an useful tool for better identifying the summarized effects of all the components interacting with the biota. Such an integrated procedure was carried out for the assessment of the quality of the Lesina Lagoon (Southern Adriatic Coast, Italy). The water parameters levels showed a high primary production (2-6 μg l^-1); the sediment and pore water toxicity bioassays recorded a low or moderate diffused toxicity. Besides, the benthic meiofauna community structure was characterized by prevalent Nematoda taxa with a homogeneous spatial distribution. On these basis, the Lesina Lagoon seems to be characterized by a prevalent organic pollution mainly related to agricultural and zootechnical activities which, due to the lagoon's conformation, presents a homogeneous spatial distribution.     

蚕豆根尖微核技术的方法学新论

虽然蚕豆根尖微核技术已是一个成熟规范的检测污染物遗传毒性的方法,但其中仍涉及一些重要的方法学问题值得深入探讨和研究。本文在图示正确观测蚕豆根尖细胞内微核和染色体畸变,如染色体断裂、丢失及染色体桥等的基础上,提出应该对蚕豆根尖分裂相细胞及其染色体畸变进行观测,以便更加准确、细致地反映污染物作用的剂量-效应关系和分子机制。同时还就该方法的其他重要问题提出了自己的观点,供同行们深入探讨和研究,使之不断完善,更好地服务于环境监测和风险评价等领域。     

Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of electronic waste leachates using animal bioassays

Human exposure to electronic waste (e-waste) is increasing, especially in developing nations. This has potential short and chronic adverse health risks. Information is currently scarce on potential genotoxicity of e-waste leachate. In this study, the potential mutagenic and genotoxic effects of leachates from e-waste dumpsites at two electronic markets in Lagos, Nigeria, were investigated. The assays utilized were: bone marrow micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberration (CA), spermatogonia CA, sperm morphology, and sperm count in mice. Experiments were carried out at concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% (v/v; leachate: distilled water) of leachate samples. MN analysis showed a concentration-dependent induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) across the treatment groups. In the CA tests (bone marrow and spermatogonia), there was concentration-dependent significant reduction in mitotic index and induction of different types of CA. Assessment of sperm shape showed a significant increase in sperm abnormalities with significant decrease in mean sperm count in treated groups. Heavy metals analyzed in the tested samples are believed to contribute significantly to the observed genetic damage. This indicates that e-waste contains potential genotoxic agents; and constitutes a genetic risk in exposed human population.     

Phytotoxicity assessment of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil using two barley genotypes

This study investigated the toxicity extent of phenanthrene and pyrene to two cultivars (CM-72 and Gairdner) of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Germination of barley seeds was evaluated in 69-d aged soil, separately spiked with phenanthrene at extractable concentrations of 0.95, 6.3, 59, and 300 mg kg^?1 (dry soil) and pyrene at 1.0, 9.0, 73, and 400 mg kg^?1 (dry soil). Although germination was not inhibited, significant (P < 0.05) reduction in root and shoot length occurred at concentrations of phenanthrene ≥6.3 mg kg^?1 and pyrene ≥9.0 mg kg^?1 after both 72 and 240 h. Fresh and dry biomass of both cultivars reduced with increasing concentrations of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Barley cultivar CM-72 was more sensitive than Gairdner, and it can be considered suitable for toxicity assessment of PAH-contaminated soils.     

成组生物毒性测试法综合评价典型工业废水毒性

为了更加准确地评估典型工业废水的综合生物毒性以及处理工艺对废水毒性的削减情况,采用发光细菌急性毒性实验、大型溞急性毒性实验和单细胞凝胶电泳实验,结合潜在生态毒性效应探测(potential ecotoxic effects probe,PEEP)指数对常州市7种典型工业废水的综合生物毒性进行了评价。结果表明,7种工业原水都表现出了急性毒性或遗传毒性,综合生物毒性强度的排序为电子厂>电镀厂>综合污水处理厂>印染厂>化工厂>食品厂>制药厂。而7种工业废水的处理后出水综合生物毒性强度的排序为印染厂>化工厂>电子厂>综合污水处理厂>食品厂>制药厂>电镀厂。其中,印染和化工厂出水综合生物毒性高于原水,分别增加了43.3%和38.7%,PEEP评价结果显示分别属于剧毒和高毒,而电镀、电子、综合污水处理和食品厂出水的综合生物毒性削减明显,分别比原水削减了76.9%、53.1%、48.3%和26.6%,PEEP结果表明基本无毒。建立在成组生物毒性实验基础上的PEEP评价方法可全面反映工业废水的综合生物毒性,进而更客观地评价废水对水生态系统乃至人类健康的潜在影响。