基于HPR在线监测控制SBR曝气历时实现短程脱氮

应用新型自动呼吸-滴定测量仪在线测量pH值、HPR等信号,进行了在SBR内实现短程脱氮的研究.采用SBR处理人工合成废水,COD和NH4+-N浓度分别为360,40mg/L,温度稳定在20℃,DO低于2mg/L,基于HPR在线监测控制SBR曝气历时.运行约60d后,亚硝酸盐积累率达到88%,COD和NH4+-N去除率均在90%以上,稳定实现了短程硝化反硝化.应用HPR估计硝化过程的NH4+-N浓度发现,NH4+-N实测值与基于HPR的计算值间存在良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9722;计算值整体低于实测值,主要是由曝气初期的滴定启动滞后所致.     

Competitive adsorption and mobility sequence of heavy metals in urban soils of southeastern China

Heavy metals can be introduced into urban soils at the same time. Therefore, their selective retention and competitive adsorption by the soils become of major importance in determining their availability and movement throughout the soil. In this study, the availability and mobility of six heavy metals in eight urban soils collected from different cities of Zhejiang Province, southeastern China were assessed using distribution coefficients（Kd） and retardation factor（Rf）. The results showed that there were great differences in the Kd and Rfamong the tested soils. The adsorption sequences were Cr〉Pb〉Cu〉Cd〉Zn〉Ni, and the Kd decreased with increasing levels of metal addition. Ni generally has the lowest Rf values followed closely by Cd, and Zn whereas Cr and Pb reached the highest values. The results suggest that Ni and Zn have the highest mobility associated to the lowest adsorption, Cr and Pb present the opposite behavior. Correlation analysis indicates that soil pH, CaCO3 content, and cation exchange capacity （CEC） are key factors controlling the solubility and mobility of the metals in the urban soils.     

小净距偏压隧道在特殊素填土施工顺序研究

在较特殊素填土中,为能更好地确定在相同的施工方法下,不同的施工顺序对改善隧道围岩变形和衬砌内力的影响,文章重点以重庆曾家岩浅埋暗挖隧道为依托,运用二维数值模拟分析,研究在特殊回填土下,隧道不同施工顺序引起的围岩变形、衬砌内力变化、塑性区分布规律.从数值模拟结果可以看出,不同施工顺序下,围岩变形、衬砌内力、塑性区分布存在...     

Comparing earthquake insurance programmes: how would Japan and California have fared after the 2010–11 earthquakes in New Zealand?

Earthquakes are insured in high-risk high-income countries only if the public sector is involved. Prototypical examples are the insurance schemes in California (United States), Japan, and New Zealand, but each is structured differently. This paper examines these variations using a concrete case study: the sequence of earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2010–11—the most heavily insured seismic event in history. It assesses what would have been the outcome had the Christchurch insurance system been different, focusing on the California Earthquake Authority (CEA) programme and Japan Earthquake Reinsurance (JER). Overall, the aggregate cost of the earthquake to the New Zealand public insurer (Earthquake Commission) was USD 6.2 billion. If a similar-sized disaster had occurred in Japan and California, homeowners would have received around USD 1.6 billion and USD 0.7 billion, respectively. This paper describes the distributive and spatial patterns of these scenarios and discusses some key policy questions that emerge from this comparison.     

旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入关系实证分析——以安徽省17地市为例

在构建旅游资源竞争力评价指标体系的基础上,运用位序得分法对安徽省17个地市的旅游资源竞争力进行了评价,同时借助两轴折线图、散点图及拟合曲线等工具对17个地市旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入关系进行了实证分析。结果表明,安徽省绝大多数地市旅游业发展仍依赖于旅游资源;少数地市旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入出现偏离,成为非旅游资源依赖性城市。从资源属性来看,综合类旅游资源与旅游收入的相关性最大,其次为自然类旅游资源,人文类的相关性最小。     

一种新厌氧氨氧化菌的16S rRNA基因序列测试

运用序批式试验测定厌氧氨氧化污泥的氨氮和亚硝态氮消耗量,求得厌氧氨氧化活性为9.84×10-4 mg·(mg·h)-1,厌氧氨氧化菌消耗NO-2-N与NJ 4-N之比为1.311;采用分子生物学方法从EGSB反应器颗粒污泥中提取细菌总DNA,经纯化、特异引物PCR扩增、克隆、测序等过程,得到厌氧氨氧化菌部分16S rDNA序列;通过系统发育树分析可以发现,在EGSB反应器中富集得到的厌氧氨氧化菌种(anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing Planctomycete cquenviron-1)与Candidatus"Anammoxoglobus propionicus"和Candidatus"Jettenia asiatica"同属,arnaerobic ammonium-oxidizing Planctomycete cquenviron-1与其他厌氧氨氧化菌基因序列的同源性最大为93%.结果表明,前期EGSB反应器富集得到了一种新型厌氧氨氧化菌,该菌株命名为anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing Planctomycete cquenviron-1.     

沉降速率作为选择压对好氧颗粒污泥性质影响

在序批式反应器中以普通活性污泥驯化而得的好氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,葡萄糖为碳源,研究作为选择压的沉降速率对好氧颗粒污泥性质的影响。结果表明:作为选择压的沉降速率与反应器中SV值和MLSS成反比关系;在沉降速率变化过程中,污泥龄、耗氧速率、胞外多聚物和COD去除率均产生变化。在本试验条件下,改变沉降速率,能改变反应器中生物量的洗出量并在一定程度上影响微生物群体的组成,从而影响活性的生物学性能;但生物相的改变限度在一定范围内,存在着动态平衡。污泥龄的波动与不同沉降速率下反应器中污泥中的胞外多聚物含量的变化有关。大量的胞外多聚物在颗粒污泥表面形成粘液层,对颗粒污泥形成保护。不同沉降速率下颗粒污泥的的胞外多聚物发生变化,进而影响颗粒污泥的稳定性。     

基于改进风险矩阵法的配气站地震事件序列分析

为了对天然气配气站进行抗震安全评估,以某天然气配气站为研究对象,通过分析地震事件序列,建立风险矩阵模型,研究系统失效原因及失效概率,评估事件发生后果.结果表明:事件C5,C6风险值相对较低,分别为18.75和15.24;风险矩阵模型能有效减小尖锐边界影响,为配气站采取抗震措施提供理论依据.     

入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花和本地一枝黄花的遗传多样性比较

为了阐明加拿大一枝黄花成功入侵的机制,利用简单序列重复区间标记(ISSR)方法对加拿大一枝黄花和本地一枝黄花的遗传多样性进行比较研究。从100条引物中筛选出12条引物用于PCR扩增,利用POPGEN32软件对2种一枝黄花进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,加拿大一枝黄花在物种水平上的多态位点百分率为95.19%,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.308 5,Shannon’s信息指数为0.415 8;本地一枝黄花在物种水平上的多态位点百分率(89.80%)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(0.249 1)和Shannon’s信息指数(0.383 4)都比加拿大一枝黄花小。加拿大一枝黄花和本地一枝黄花居群间遗传分化系数分别为0.118 2和0.131 3,居群内变异分别为0.881 8和0.868 7,表明2个物种居群间的遗传分化不明显,遗传一致度高,且主要的遗传变异存在于居群内。入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花具有较高遗传多样性,且高于本地一枝黄花,这可能是加拿大一枝黄花成功入侵的原因之一。     

灰色系统方法在县域生态区划中的应用

为了反映各生态因子之间的内涵不确定性关系,通过对影响区域生态的因子的筛选,进行主成分分析,得到影响龙湾区生态环境的主要因子是各土地使用类型的分布和污染物排放量;通过灰色关联度分析获得各因子对生态影响的权值,结合"星座图"聚类方法将温州市龙湾区区划出3个生态类型,5个发展方向,并形成了对县域生态区划行之有效的方法。