五大连池药泉湖水质评价

采用主成分分析法在2010年平水期对五大连池药泉湖6个采样点的8个水质指标进行分析,同时研究药泉湖水体污染的空间分布特征。结果表明:高锰酸盐指数是影响药泉湖水质的首要因子,即有机污染对水体污染的贡献最大;瀑布出水口采样点污染最严重,该出水口为药泉湖观光景区入口,因此要密切关注药泉湖人为点源污染,加大景区环境管制力度。     

城市景观水污染现状及处理技术

城市景观水体由于水质恶化而渐渐影响附近居民的正常生活,要从根本上保证水质需采取一定的水源保护和水处理措施。在景观水处理中,适用于景观水处理的工艺有很多,但工程实施中需要对其进行选择、优化、组合。随着社会不断发展和人们生活质量要求不断提高,景观水处理也必将成为继生活用水处理、工业用水处理后的又一给水处理新领域。     

沈阳市大气PM_(10)中水溶性无机阴离子的分布特征研究

2014年7月和12月分别对沈阳市大气污染物PM_(10)(可吸入颗粒物)进行采样分析,采样期内PM_(10)浓度全部超过国家一级标准,最大值超出国家二级标准3.3倍。用离子色谱法分析了PM_(10)中的水溶性无机阴离子,结果表明:4种阴离子浓度之和的变化总趋势为7月12月;各离子浓度的关系为SO_4~(2-)NO_3~-Cl~-F~-,4种离子浓度均为冬季高于夏季;对PM_(10)及4种阴离子进行相关性分析,得出NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)浓度与PM_(10)浓度呈显著正相关,是PM_(10)的重要组分,并通过NO_3~-与SO_4~(2-)的质量比得出沈阳市大气污染物中水溶性组分主要来自于固定排放源。     

调水工程生态补偿的分阶段推进战略

水质安全是调水工程顺利实施的关键,为此调水区背负巨大的调水工程的外部经济成本和社会发展代价,必须通过生态补偿政策进行内部化,然而调水工程涉及的范围广、时间长、利益主体多、资金投入大,难以通过一种手段或者现有某种方式建立长效的生态补偿机制。文章从调水工程生态补偿政策建立的目标、标准、责任分担与利益共享、补偿方式角度分析了生态补偿现状及存在的问题,提出了调水工程生态补偿的分阶段推进战略总体思路与实施构想,重点分析了各阶段生态补偿政策的制定标准和要求,为中线调水工程生态补偿政策制定提供了技术支持。     

洞庭湖浮游植物调查与水质评价

报道了1995年至1997年洞庭湖浮游植物群落的调查结果，共鉴定出浮游植物7门50属82种，并结合水化学指标，对洞庭湖水质作了初步评价。     

用浮游及底栖动物评价饮马河水质

根据浮游及底栖动物种群结构和数量分布特点，对秦皇岛市饮马河水质进行了初步评价，评价结果表明，生物监测技术方法可行，简单直观，与化学监测的结果基本一致。饮马河全程水质属于中-重污染。     

利用水生植物净化富营养化水体的研究进展

综述了近几年来利用水生植物净化富营养化水体的研究和应用现状，包括水生植物的净化机理和净化效果，并对目前常用净化富营养化水体的水生植物研究频度进行了统计。此外，还着重强调了水生植物在净化应用中需关注的问题，展望了这种净化技术的发展前景。     

Sustainable development and the water–energy–food nexus: A perspective on livelihoods

The water–energy–food nexus is being promoted as a conceptual tool for achieving sustainable development. Frameworks for implementing nexus thinking, however, have failed to explicitly or adequately incorporate sustainable livelihoods perspectives. This is counterintuitive given that livelihoods are key to achieving sustainable development. In this paper we present a critical review of nexus approaches and identify potential linkages with sustainable livelihoods theory and practice, to deepen our understanding of the interrelated dynamics between human populations and the natural environment. Building upon this review, we explore the concept of ‘environmental livelihood security’ – which encompasses a balance between natural resource supply and human demand on the environment to promote sustainability – and develop an integrated nexus-livelihoods framework for examining the environmental livelihood security of a system. The outcome is an integrated framework with the capacity to measure and monitor environmental livelihood security of whole systems by accounting for the water, energy and food requisites for livelihoods at multiple spatial scales and institutional levels. We anticipate this holistic approach will not only provide a significant contribution to achieving national and regional sustainable development targets, but will also be effective for promoting equity amongst individuals and communities in local and global development agendas.     

Assessment of the Water Quality and Ecosystem Health of the Great Barrier Reef (Australia): Conceptual Models

Run-off containing increased concentrations of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides from land-based anthropogenic activities is a significant influence on water quality and the ecologic conditions of nearshore areas of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia. The potential and actual impacts of increased pollutant concentrations range from bioaccumulation of contaminants and decreased photosynthetic capacity to major shifts in community structure and health of mangrove, coral reef, and seagrass ecosystems. A detailed conceptual model underpins and illustrates the links between the main anthropogenic pressures or threats (dry-land cattle grazing and intensive sugar cane cropping) and the production of key contaminants or stressors of Great Barrier Reef water quality. The conceptual model also includes longer-term threats to Great Barrier Reef water quality and ecosystem health, such as global climate change, that will potentially confound direct model interrelationships. The model recognises that system-specific attributes, such as monsoonal wind direction, rainfall intensity, and flood plume residence times, will act as system filters to modify the effects of any water-quality system stressor. The model also summarises key ecosystem responses in ecosystem health that can be monitored through indicators at catchment, riverine, and marine scales. Selected indicators include riverine and marine water quality, inshore coral reef and seagrass status, and biota pollutant burdens. These indicators have been adopted as components of a long-term monitoring program to enable assessment of the effectiveness of change in catchment-management practices in improving Great Barrier Reef (and adjacent catchment) water quality under the Queensland and Australian Governments’ Reef Water Quality Protection Plan.     

反渗透深度处理乳品加工业二级处理废水试验研究

采用砂滤、活性炭吸附和反渗透组合工艺深度处理乳制品加工废水。深度处理后出水指标CODcr、TP和硬度分别达到10、1 mg以下和20 mg/L以下,经反渗透组合工艺深度处理后的乳制品加工废水可以达到锅炉补水,冷却循环水等水质要求。