刘家峡水库藻类群落特征与水质的关系

2009年—2010年,研究了刘家峡水库的藻类群落特征。共鉴定出8门11纲 16目33科55 属114种藻。丰水期优势类群是金藻门（占27%）,次优势类群是硅藻门（21.5%）;枯水期优势类群是硅藻门,占总数34%（羽纹纲占33%）,次优势类群是金藻门（18%）。对刘家峡水库水质初步评价结果显示：水库上游水质较清洁（1#—2#站点）,中下游为轻度—偏中度污染（3#—4#站点）,下游为中度—偏重度污染（5#—6#站点）。对藻类群落特征与6项水环境因子的Pearsong相关性分析表明,枯水期影响藻类群落特征的环境因子依次是DO﹥TN﹥pH值﹥T﹥Mcb(粪大肠杆菌);丰水期则是DO﹥Mcb﹥pH值﹥TN。     

实时荧光定量PCR法快速测定水中微囊藻

以铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）16S rRNA基因片段为靶序列设计一对特异性引物,采用Real-time PCR法,对铜绿微囊藻进行定性、定量检测。试验表明,仅含铜绿微囊藻DNA模板的样品有特异性扩增,扩增产物熔解曲线平稳,峰尖且窄,熔解温度为（87±1）℃。以重组质粒pMD-18T-16S为标准品,检测区间为1．1×102 copies/mL～1．1×108 copies/mL,所得标准曲线符合制备实时定量PCR标准曲线的要求,对标准品进行测定,方法检出限为11 copies/mL。用该标准曲线对实验室培养获得的铜绿微囊藻DNA样品进行定量检测,与显微镜计数结果基本一致。     

江苏省太湖流域水生态健康评估的初步实践及展望

阐述了水生态健康的内涵与意义,从江苏省率先在太湖流域开展水生态环境功能分区管理的顶层设计,构建以水生态健康指标为核心的水生态健康评估技术体系,地方对照水生态环境功能区划的水生态分级管控目标开展的应用与实践结果等3个方面,回顾了江苏省太湖流域水生态健康评估工作的主要进展,提出了完善水生态健康评估技术体系和推进流域水生态健康评估工作的建议。     

水体重金属污染生物监测的研究进展

综述了重金属的毒性效应和水体重金属污染的现状,介绍了利用水生藻类、浮游动物群落和底栖动物监测水体重金属污染的研究进展及发展趋势。     

巢湖流域水质状况与环境目标可达性分析

对巢湖湖区、巢湖环湖河流水质现状及变化趋势进行了调查。结果表明。“九五”以来,巢湖湖区水体以劣Ⅴ类为主;2000年以来,巢湖主要环湖河流中,南淝河、十五里河、派河和双桥河入湖常年水质为劣Ⅴ类,其主要污染物为氨氮。巢湖流域水体污染特征为：城市河段污染较重。点源污染较为集中;面源和生活污染贡献较大;从1998年以来,TP与TN质量浓度值一直处于较高水平。巢湖流域水质环境目标可达性分析表明,巢湖湖区整体上尚不能达到规划的目标。到2005年东半湖能稳定达标。南淝河能否实现达标排放。取决于合肥市的污水处理率及处理效果。十五里河、派河、双桥河水质受点源控制,只要加强管理,可达规划的目标。     

福州市城区内河引闽冲污后水质变化趋势及防治对策

简述了福州市城区内河河网结构特点和河网水文特征,对1994年-2003年福州城区内河的水质变化趋势进行了分析和评价。结果表明,自1998年福州市全面开始内河引水冲污工程后,内河水质得到了改善,有机污染得到缓解,基本消除了水体的黑臭现象。指出了在内河整治中存在的一些问题。提出,应优化引水方案,最大限度发挥效益;明确河段的使用功能,发挥其潜能;开展生物防治,建立良性循环的水生生态系统,对内河实施综合管理。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中马拉硫磷残留

采用C-18小柱萃取、毛细管柱分离、气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）测定水样中的马拉硫磷,检测限为0．12μg／L。试验了样品流量和洗脱剂对回收率的影响,结果表明样品流量为6mL／min、二氯甲烷作洗脱剂时,回收率较好。测定蒸馏水、地下水和河水样品,相对标准偏差〈2．2％。加标回收率在79．0％-109％之间。     

水质凯氏氮标准样品的研究

提出了水质凯氏氮标准样品的研究方法。在研究过程中，完成了样品的配制、均匀性、稳定性等工作。经过多家实验室协作定值，确定了样品的标准值及不确定度，并提供使用。     

Manure placement depth impacts on crop yields and N retained in soil

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of manure placement depth on crop yield and N retention in soil. Experimental treatments were deep manure injection (45 cm), shallow manure injection (15 cm), and conventional fertilizer-based management with at least three replications per site. Water infiltration, and changes in soil N and P amounts were measured for up to 30 months and crop yield monitored for three seasons following initial treatment. Deep and shallow manure injections differed in soil inorganic N distributions. For example, in the manure slot the spring following application, NO₃-N in the surface 60 cm was higher (p < .01) when injected 15 cm (21.4 μ g/g) into the soil than 45 cm (11.7 μ g/g), whereas NH₄-N had opposite results with shallow injection having less (p = 0.045) NH₄-N (102 μ g/g) than deep (133 μ g/g) injection. In the fall one year after the manure was applied, NO₃-N and NH₄-N were lower (p = 0.001) in the shallow injection than the deep injection. The net impact of manure placement on total N was that deep injection had 31, 59, and 44 more kg N ha^{? 1} than the shallow injection treatment 12, 18, and 30 months after application, respectively. Deep manure injection did not impact soybean (Glycine max L.) yield, however corn (Zea mays L.) yield increased if N was limiting. The higher corn yield in the deep injected treatment was attributed to increased N use efficiency. Higher inorganic N amounts in the deep injection treatment were attributed to reduced N losses through ammonia volatilization, leaching, or denitrification. Results suggest that deep manure placement in glacial till soil may be considered a technique to increase energy, N use efficiency, and maintain surface and ground water quality. However, this technique may not work in glacial outwash soils due to the inability to inject into a rocky subsurface.     

The science of corporate social responsibility (CSR): Contamination and conflict in a mining project in the southern Ecuadorian Andes

In this article, I explain the role that scientific studies play in shaping collaboration and conflict over mining exploration in the Ecuadorian highlands. Toronto-based IAMGOLD conducted water quality studies to simultaneously fulfill legal obligations and secure support for drilling in an environmentally sensitive zone. With these studies, IAMGOLD generated collaborative relations with local authorities and university scientists. However, water quality studies were also used by dairy farmers to establish new connections for an opposition movement. The scientific studies enabled IAMGOLD and the dairy farmers to make competing claims about the responsibility for contamination of an important watershed. This article analyzes the conflict that resulted and challenges conventional wisdom that distinguishes a corporation's legal obligations from its voluntary CSR programs.