陕西农业主要病虫灾害演变及控制途径

本文论述了陕西农业主要病虫灾害的发生和演变过程。指出演变的总趋势是主要农作物病虫害趋向严重且种类不断增多。并以此提出了主要病虫害的控制途径。     

Prenatal diagnosis of ventricular aneurysm: a report of two cases and a review

Ventricular aneurysms have rarely been reported prenatally. Their prognosis is variable depending on factors such as early detection, their relative size in comparison to the ventricular cavity, growth on follow-up, and signs of cardiac failure. In view of the fact that it may be useful to report on additional cases in order to make available further information on aetiology, prognosis and neonatal management, we hereby report on two cases of ventricular aneurysm with good mid-term prognosis. One case of apical aneurysm of the left ventricle was associated with a muscular ventricular septal defect, the features of which are compatible with a fetal myocardial infarction and ventricular septal rupture in absence of coronary artery anomalies as demonstrated by catheterisation. Another case of sub-tricuspidal aneurysm of the right ventricle associated with mitral prolapse appears to be a component of diffuse connective dysplasia. Despite the early gestational age at diagnosis, the large size of the aneurysm and the associated defect, both the infants were asymptomatic in infancy prompting a conservative management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The ductus venosus in early pregnancy and congenital anomalies

The ductus venosus (DV) is a tiny vessel leading oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal heart and its flow assessment has been used as an indicator of fetal acidemia. At 11 to 14 weeks, the fetuses with increased nuchal translucency also showing an abnormal DV blood flow were consistently found to be aneuploid. Early cardiac dysfunction, signaled by abnormal DV blood flow, was suggested as the underlying cause of increased nuchal translucency. Detection rates for aneuploidy with the use of DV blood flow studies range from 59 to 93% with 2 to 21% false-positive rates. In fetuses with normal karyotype, an abnormal DV flow pattern signals cardiac defects or adverse perinatal outcome. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地壳运动与疾疫流行

本文以大量实际资料证明疾疫流行与地壳运动的关系是密切相关的。地壳运动过程中释出物质和能量对低层大气物理化学状态的影响是严重的,这对多种灾害的形成及生命的衍化方面都是重要的。     

气温与臭氧协同作用对COPD住院人数的影响

为评价气温与臭氧（O₃）协同作用对慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）住院人数的影响,采用广义相加模型（GAM）、平滑曲线阈值效应和饱和效应方法,在控制了时间序列长期趋势、季节效应、节假日效应和相对湿度、污染物PM_2.5、SO₂、NO₂浓度混杂因素的影响后,分析了2013~2016年石家庄市气温与O₃协同作用对COPD住院人数影响的暴露-反应关系,并考虑了不同年龄、性别的分人群效应.结果表明,日平均气温的阈值为0.3,19℃,O₃的分层临界值100μg/m³;当O₃≥100μg/m³时,随着气温每上升1℃,COPD日均住院人数增加的相对危险度1.042（95%：1.020,1.065）,并且在T≥19℃时其效应值最大,为1.084（95%：1.048,1.121）.较高气温、高O₃污染环境对COPD疾病人群的影响存在协同加强效应,且对老年人影响更敏感,而男女性别上没有显著差异.     

石油物探行业员工心脑血管疾病预防初探

以某物探公司为例,分析阐述了物探行业心脑血管疾病高发的主要原因,从完善体检筛查、合理安排工作、改善工作条件、应急能力建设、宣传健康知识等方面,探讨了预防石油物探企业员工心脑血管疾病的措施。     

Jordan,minerals extraction and the resource curse

In its role as a competitive producer of phosphate and potash Jordan has not suffered noticeably from the Resource Curse over the past 50 years. However, the effects on its economy because of its geographical proximity to major oil-producing states have been both positive and negative. It is arguable that an oil resource curse has applied to Jordan.     

The price of pollution: costs estimates of environmentally related disease in Oregon

The purpose of this study is to estimate the environmentally attributable costs associated with diseases and disabilities in Oregon. We utilised actual Oregon data on disease rates and costs whenever available. If state-specific data were not available, we extrapolated from national estimates. We then used environmentally attributable fractions to estimate the environmentally attributable costs. The estimated environmentally attributable costs are the following: adult and childhood asthma: $29.6M; adult cardiovascular disease: $342.4M; adult and childhood cancer: $130.5M; childhood lead poisoning: $866.2M; birth defects: $3.0M; and childhood neurobehavioural disorders: $185M. Policymakers and researchers in other states are encouraged to apply the methods we have presented here to calculate the environmentally attributable costs associated with diseases and disabilities in their state. Knowing that many of the environmental contributors to disease are often preventable, policymakers are encouraged to make environmental public health a top priority.     

Fetal ascites and oligohydramnios: Prenatal diagnosis of a sialic acid storage disease (index case)

In a 20-year-old primiparous patient, a routine ultrasound scan performed at 28 weeks revealed fetal ascites, bilateral talipes, and oligohydramnios. This woman, married to possibly her first cousin, was at risk for an autosomal recessive disease, a metabolic disorder. At 29 weeks, an amniotic fluid biochemical study revealed the presence of an abnormal band of free sialic acid, leading to a diagnosis of a congenital form of sialic acid storage disease. Termination of pregnancy was performed at 30 weeks. Measurement of free sialic acid in cultured fetal skin fibroblasts confirmed the diagnosis.