炼油厂污水处理场恶臭污染源调查及预测研究

主要对某炼油厂污水处理场恶臭污染源进行调查,确定出了重点污染源与重点污染物。以污水场曝气池为例,使用风洞采样器进行采样,三点比较式臭袋法测定恶臭浓度,确定面源源强。通过恶臭评估软件预测出一次浓度、日均浓度、夏季平均浓度和全年平均浓度,并对预测结果进行了验证。     

大风地区住宅小区风环境研究

为了保障大风地区住宅小区风环境的安全性及舒适性,以平潭综合实验区岚城安置区为例,通过CFD软件(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数字模拟分析方法对平潭综合实验区岚城住宅小区的风环境研究表明CFD数值模拟方法可以准确的模拟住宅小区的风环境,以及建筑格局等对小区风环境的影响过程,从而为大风地区住宅小区的风环境设计及舒适的住宅小区微气候环境设计提供了基本方法与思路。     

外界风对小城镇多层建筑火灾流场的影响

随着市场经济的不断发展,城市化的进程加快,农村人口向城市流动,使小城镇建设规模不断扩大,因而火灾等各种灾害对小城镇居民的生命和财产所造成的损失也越来越大。火灾时,外界风向、风速对火灾流场可能产生很大的影响。笔者根据小城镇一般民宅和建筑物的高度特点建立相应的几何模型和物理模型,利用Phoenics软件,从理论上研究了小城镇一幢楼房不同位置的房间发生火灾时,外界吹来不同风速的正向或侧向风,对房间内外稳态温度场与流场的影响。特别研究了房间内热气流流出窗外向上运动的浮力和外界风力相互作用发生的现象及其对房间内流动的影响。同时,还对不同外界风速情况下,房间内外速度中性面倾斜的角度等问题进行了初步讨论     

Health and safety implications of alternative energy technologies. II. Solar

No energy technology is risk free when all aspects of its utilization are taken into account. Every energy technology has some attendant direct and indirect health and safety concerns. Solar technologies examined in this paper are wind, ocean thermal energy gradients, passive, photovoltaic, satellite power systems, low- and high-temperature collectors, and central power stations, as well as tidal power. For many of these technologies, insufficient historical data are available from which to assess the health risks and environmental impacts. However, their similarities to other projects make certain predictions possible. For example, anticipated problems in worker safety in constructing ocean thermal energy conversion systems will be similar to those associated with other large-scale construction projects, like deep-sea oil drilling platforms. Occupational hazards associated with photovoltaic plant operation would be those associated with normal electricity generation, although for workers involved in the actual production of photovoltaic materials, there is some concern for the toxic effects of the materials used, including silicon, cadmium, and gallium arsenide.Satellite power systems have several unique risks. These include the effects of long-term space travel for construction workers, effects on the ozone layer and the attendant risk of skin cancer in the general public, and the as-yet-undetermined effects of long-term, low-level microwave exposure. Hazards may arise from three sources in solar heating and cooling systems: water contamination from corrosion inhibitors, heat transfer fluids, and bactericides; collector over-heating, fires, and out-gassing and handling and disposal of system fluids and wastes. Similar concerns exist for solar thermal power systems. Even passive solar systems may increase indoor exposure levels to various air pollutants and toxic substances, eitherdirectly from the solar system itself or indirectly by trapping released pollutants from furnishings, building materials, and indoor combustion.Operated by Union Carbide Corporation under contract W-7405-eng-26 for the U.S. Department of Energy.     

Research on Coupling Mechanism of China’s Wind Power Industry Chain

ABSTRACT

Firstly, on the basis of literature research, sort out and summarize the critical coupling relationship among the upstream, middle, and downstream enterprises in the wind power industry chain. Secondly, the evaluation index system of coupling coordination degree of China’s wind power industry chain was established. Based on entropy weight method and subsystem efficiency function, the capacity coupling (CC) coefficient model of wind power industry chain subsystem was established. The coupling coordination degree between the upstream subsystem and the midstream subsystem of the wind power industry chain, and between the midstream subsystem and the downstream subsystem is dynamically evaluated, and the coupling coordination degree evaluation model of the wind power industry chain in China is proposed. Thirdly, according to the relevant statistical data of China from 2010 to 2017, this paper conducts an empirical study on the coupling of the upstream, middle and downstream subsystems of the wind power industry chain. Finally, based on the collaborative coupling study of China’s wind power industry chain, this paper analyzes the key factors influencing the collaborative development of wind power industry chain, and puts forward Suggestions on the optimization of the collaborative development of China’s wind power industry chain.     

台风侵袭我国南方地区而产生的风灾

本文从气候学角度统计、分析了台风登陆或影响我国３０°Ｎ以南地区８省（浙江、福建、广东、广西、海南、台湾、江西、湖南）而产生风灾的频数分布、季节变化、年变化以及概率分布的特征。     

风力发电项目主要环境问题及可能的解决对策

风力发电项目环境影响集中反应在噪声和生态方面,噪声源主要是空气动力噪声、机械噪声及结构噪声。空气动力噪声是主要噪声并呈现明显的低频特征;生态环境影响体现在项目占地带来的地表植被破坏、生物量损失、地表扰动、水土流失等问题,减少项目占地是减缓生态影响的重要措施。     

Atmospheric deposition contributes little nutrient and sediment to stream flow from an agricultural watershed

Atmospheric deposition of nutrients within agricultural watersheds has received scant attention and is poorly understood compared to nutrient transport in surface and subsurface water flow pathways. Thus, we determined the deposition of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and sediment in a mixed land use watershed in south-central Pennsylvania (39.5 ha; 50% corn–wheat–soybean rotation, 20% pasture, and 30% woodland), in comparison with stream loads at several locations along its reach between 2004 and 2006. There was a significant difference in deposition rates among land uses (P < 0.05) with more P and N deposited on cropland (1.93 kg P and 10.71 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) than pasture (1.10 kg P and 8.06 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and woodland (0.36 and 2.33 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Although not significant, sediment showed the same trends among land uses. A significant relationship was found between P in deposition and P in soil <10-m away from the samplers suggesting much of the deposited sample was derived from local soil. Samplers adjacent to the stream channel showed deposition rates (1.64 kg P and 8.83 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) similar to those on cropland. However, accounting for the surface area of the stream, direct deposition of P, N, and sediment probably accounted for <3% of P and <1% of N and sediment load in stream flow from the watershed (1.41 kg P, 27.09 kg N, and 1343 kg sediment ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ at the outlet). This suggests that strategies to mitigate nutrient and sediment loss in this mixed-land use watershed should focus on runoff pathways.