上海地区风速,风向,稳定度联合频率的计算及分析

以上海龙华气象测站５年（１９８１－１９８５年）的逐日气象资料为基础，计算了上海地区的气象联合频率，并进行了一定的分析讨论。计算结果可为大气污染浓度的计算，大气污染防治，及环境规划等提供参考依据。     

Evaluating the influence of air pollution on solar radiation observations over the coastal region of Alicante (Southeastern Spain)

The present study evaluates ground-based downward surface shortwave radiation (R_s) over the coastal region of Alicante (Southeastern Spain). Hourly measurements collected over the eleven-year period 2010-2020 are used. Two weather stations located over the region capital, Alicante, have been selected as representative of urban and suburban typologies. Two additional weather stations far from the city have been selected representing rural typologies. R_s is significantly reduced over the urban station during the morning hours within the winter season compared to the observations recorded over the suburban and rural stations, with a global mean difference of -81 and -120 W/m² at 10 LT, respectively. However, no significant differences are obtained during the midday sun, with a global mean difference of -20 W/m² between the urban and rural stations. With the aim of explaining these differences, the current paper investigates the relationship between R_s and different air pollutants: NO_x, SO₂, and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) as well as the wind field measured at the urban and suburban stations. The results found in this work point towards a close relationship between R_s and NO_x concentrations annual cycles, which are also influenced by the prevailing wind circulations observed over the study area. A global mean NO_x concentration of 107 µg/m³ is observed over the urban station at 10 LT during the winter season. In contrast, these high concentrations are significantly reduced over the suburban station, with global mean value of 40 µg/m³ at 10 LT, for this period of the year.     

Important meteorological data for use in risk assessment

This paper presents a methodology for the calculation of atmospheric stability classes in correlation with wind velocities for six sites of the Greek territory, namely Ellinikon (Athens), Elefsis, Megara, Heraklion, Chania and Patras, based on real data obtained from meteorological observations in these sites and on computations related with their geographic position. In addition to that, a comparison is presented of the atmospheric stability classes produced with online measurements for the Ellinikon (Athens) site with significant coincidence in the results.

These calculated values of the meteorological parameters (particularly of atmospheric stability) are most appropriate for uncertainty calculations in quantified risk assessments (QRAs) of hazardous installations sited in the above-mentioned areas, especially when risk and safety-related decisions need to be taken. Consequent results obtained with these parameters are more realistic compared to the “classical” assumption of D5/F2, which leads to significant diversification in the estimation of risk.     

石羊河流域1959年至2008年风速变化特征分析

利用线性拟合、Mann-Kendall方法、小波分析对石羊河流域五个测站空间平均的近50年来的逐日风速资料进行了倾向、周期、突变等特性分析。研究结果表明:1959年至2008年间,整个石羊河流域风速呈减小趋势,变化率约为-0.004m/(s.a),而上游风速呈现明显的上升趋势。四个季节中冬季风速降低速度最大,而夏季风速呈现上升趋势。风速的长期变化还具有一定的突变性,年平均风速在1988年出现了由高到低的突变,表明风速开始下降。复值Morlet小波分析的结果显示,风速变化存在6a、13a、19a、25a四个峰值,其中19a的时间尺度为第一主周期。     

“挡风抑尘墙”技术研究及其应用

内蒙古天晧水泥有限公司将＂挡风抑尘墙＂技术成功应用在石灰石预均化堆场和煤场,对消减石灰石预均化堆场和煤场风力,抑制石灰石预均化堆场和煤场扬尘起到了很好的作用,解决了大型堆场扬尘治理的一个技术难题。现就＂挡风抑尘墙＂的工作机理、结构特点及其抑尘效果等进行分析介绍,以促进该技术的推广和应用。     

露天堆场扬尘量分布的计算

提出了一种计算露天堆场扬尘量分布的方法,根据此方法理论计算了不同风场入口条件下的粉尘颗粒质量分布.并参照美国EPA的风蚀排放因子的方法,将其计算结果与文献资料加以对比.结果显示,计算结果与文献值之间仅相差3.5%,这表明此计算方法较为可信,为进一步详尽地分析颗粒扬尘量的分布提供计算依据.     

隧道火灾的全尺寸试验研究

在3条公路隧道上进行了10次全尺寸试验,研究不通火灾条件和风速下烟气的运动情况。主要测量了各隧道1000m范围内的拱顶下方烟气温度、烟气层高度分布以及烟气前锋的运动情况等,并分析了纵向风速对火灾羽流形态、烟气前锋运动速度、隧道内线型缆式感温探测系统响应等的影响。此处所列的所有全尺寸试验数据可以进行进一步的分析,以便研究各种已知火灾模型在计算长隧道火灾时所得的结果是否有效。     

风障减少尘埃飞起的风洞模拟研究

在环境风洞中对具有相同孔率但孔径不同的11种风障模型(金属网)的流场特性及网后煤堆模型的起尘特性进行模拟实验?结果表明,风障(网)的屏蔽作用取决于网的孔率;孔径雷诺数Re*存在着临界值(该实验为1200),当Re*小于临界值时,网后附近气流的湍流运动受到抑制,此时煤堆模型的起尘率随Re*的减小而减小,且对来流的湍流结构很敏感,当Re*大于临界值时,起尘率基本上不再随Re*变化而变化?      

Wind energy technology development and diffusion: a case study of Inner Mongolia, China

This article reviews the spread of small household wind generators and the development of wind farms in Inner Mongolia, China with emphasis on policy and institutional perspectives. It analyzes the patterns of wind technology dissemination within social, economic, and environmental contexts. It also discusses international investment and technology transfer relating to wind energy technology. The economics of windfarm development are examined and the role of alternative policy instruments analyzed. Major constraints to wind technology development are identified and relevant policy recommendations suggested.     

Economic impacts of climate change on agriculture: The importance of additional climatic variables other than temperature and precipitation

Climate change shifts the distributions of a set of climatic variables, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration, and evaporation. This paper explores the importance of those additional climatic variables other than temperature and precipitation. Using the county-level agricultural data from 1980 to 2010 in China, we find that those additional climatic variables, especially humidity and wind speed, are critical for crop growth. Therefore, omitting those variables is likely to bias the predicted impacts of climate change on crop yields. In particular, omitting humidity tends to overpredict the cost of climate change on crop yields, while ignoring wind speed is likely to underpredict the effect. Our preferred specification indicates that climate change is likely to decrease the yields of rice, wheat, and corn in China by 36.25%, 18.26%, and 45.10%, respectively, by the end of this century.