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101.
Allan G. Sangster Lewis Ling Frédéric Gérard Martin J. Hodson 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):143-149
Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] shoots from mature trees were collected from two sites of contrasting soil pH: the Glendon campus of York
University in Toronto, Canada (pH 6.7 at 40 cm) designated Can.; and Breuil Forest, Morvan, France (pH 4 to 4.5) designated
Fr.. Needles were removed from the shoots, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and kept in a cryo-biological storage system prior to
X-ray microanalysis on the cold stage (−170°C) of a cryo-SEM. Four elements detected, potassium, phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine,
were ubiquitous in the needle tissues from both sites. Manganese was infrequently found in needle tissues from the Fr. site.
Calcium was localized most heavily in the outer tangential wall of the hypodermis and also in the epidermal walls. Silicon
(Si) concentrations were higher in the Fr. site than in the Can. site. The epidermis, hypodermis and mesophyll of needles
from the Fr. site exhibited the highest Si content, with greater amounts in the tip and middle of the needle than in the base.
Aluminium was distributed fairly evenly throughout the tissues, and there were few major sites of concentration. 相似文献
102.
Vasantha Nagarajan Manjari Singh Helene Kane Mohsen Khalili Michael Bramucci 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(3):281-287
Biomax® is an aliphatic-aromatic polyester. The biodegradability of Biomax® was studied at 58 °C using a laboratory scale bioreactor. The bioreactor was inoculated with bacteria derived from compost and supplemented with powdered Biomax® and an additional energy source. After a period of acclimation, the microorganisms in the bioreactor were capable of metabolizing the major components of the polymer, i.e., TPA and ethylene glycol. TPA and ethylene glycol were detected in the bioreactor only when they were added. Degradation and disintegration of the powdered Biomax® was monitored by laser diffraction. The particle size distribution of the powdered polymer progressively shifted toward smaller sizes until the diameters of the polymer particles were indistinguishable from bacteria. The types of microbes in the bioreactor were determined by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences. The bacteria belonged to 35 different groups, and the majority of the bacteria appeared to represent new species. 相似文献
103.
元宵节期间北京PM_(2.5)单颗粒的物理化学特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采集2014年元宵节期间北京PM2.5样品,使用场发射扫锚电镜-能谱仪观察北京PM2.5单颗粒的显微形貌和元素组成,并利用图像分析系统对PM2.5的粒径进行分析.结果表明:PM2.5的单颗粒类型以烟尘集合体、矿物颗粒和飞灰为主;烟花爆竹燃放产生的PM2.5是造成元宵节期间北京PM2.5浓度升高的主要原因;PM2.5中总颗粒物个数呈现先升高后降低的趋势;元宵节期间北京PM2.5中大部分颗粒物的粒径小于0.7μm;然而,重污染天气PM2.5中粒径大于0.7μm颗粒物的数量明显高于轻污染天气. 相似文献
104.
105.
运用定量电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA)分别测定了采自北极新奥尔松地区(78?55′N、11?56′E)和南极乔治王岛(62?13′S、58?47′W)极昼天气下PM10大气颗粒物样品.结果表明,北极和南极大气颗粒物化学成分存在很大差异,表现出各自不同的特点.北极的颗粒类型中,“反应的海盐”和“矿物尘”分别占颗粒总数的44%和27%,“新鲜海盐”所占的比例不到10%,“反应的海盐”中以含硝酸盐的颗粒为主,反映了外来物质或人为污染对该地气溶胶影响较大;南极的颗粒类型中,“新鲜海盐”占总数的74%左右,“反应的海盐”占19%,反应的海盐全部含硫酸盐、未发现含硝酸盐的颗粒,推测与海盐反应的含硫物质来源于海洋浮游生物代谢过程产生的二甲硫醚(DMS)及其降解产物,而与人为污染无关. 相似文献
106.
107.
目的 对氟醚橡胶FM-2D在空气与飞马Ⅱ号润滑油中的热老化行为与机理进行研究。方法 开展氟醚橡胶高温贮存试验,在热氧、热油的介质环境下,研究氟醚橡胶的力学性能退化规律。试验后对样品的拉伸性能、压缩性能以及硬度进行检测,并且利用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜以及X射线电子能谱对试验后样品进行检测。结果 通过热老化试验,发现氟醚橡胶在200℃以下能够长期维持较好的力学性能。试验温度在200℃以上,氟醚橡胶的力学性能出现明显退化趋势,并且在热空气与热油中的老化趋势不同。在220℃的热空气老化31 d后,氟醚橡胶的拉伸强度下降27.0%,断裂伸长率增大89.8%,压缩应力松弛率为34.6%,硬度下降8.7%。在220℃的热油老化31 d后,氟醚橡胶的拉伸强度下降85.9%,断裂伸长率下降83.9%,压缩应力松弛率为-17.5%,硬度上升4.2%。结论 在热空气老化过程中,橡胶分子链受热氧影响发生断裂,使其强度下降;在热油老化过程中,油介质和高温的耦合作用使橡胶的交联网络失效,橡胶发硬变脆。 相似文献
108.
Iordanidis A Buckman J Triantafyllou AG Asvesta A 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(5):391-405
The aim of this study was to characterise individual airborne particles collected from the Ptolemais-Kozani region (Western Macedonia), northern Greece. Throughout a 1-year period (March 2003 to February 2004), we collected several filters that captured airborne particles at seven sampling sites distributed throughout the area. The airborne particles captured on the filters were then characterised by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The particles were categorised as geogenic, biogenic and anthropogenic. The main anthropogenic airborne particles were fly ash (released from lignite-fired power plants) and carbonaceous (soot and char) and metalliferous (mainly iron- and copper-enriched) particulates. We present here characteristic ESEM and EDX spectra for the airborne particles and underline the presence of characteristic primary and secondary sulphates. 相似文献
109.
Abboud IA 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(5):445-463
Urinary stone diseases are increasing in the Middle East. The majority of urinary stone cases are found in the northern part of the country. Stone samples taken from patients living in the Irbid area were collected from Princess Basma Hospital. The present study concentrates on the mineralogical and chemical composition of the urinary stones and on the effective environmental factors that assist in developing the different types of urinary stones. Using X-ray diffraction techniques, the mineralogical composition of the urinary stones was found to be as follows: oxalate, cholesten, and uric acid, with cystine stones occuring more frequently than the others. Cholesten and calcium oxalate stones are the most dominant types of stones. Calcium oxalate is the most common type of oxalate stone. Calcium oxalate is represented in: whewellite, wheddellite, and calcium carbonate oxalate hydrate minerals, in addition to other minerals such as brushite, ammonium phosphate, vaterite, valleriite, and bobierrite from other types of stones. Bobierrite (phosphate group) is a new mineral reported in urinary stones, and this has not been determined in any previous study worldwide. Apatite (calcium phosphate) is deduced using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The SEM technique determined crystal forms and systems, shapes, morphological features, and the names of the minerals forming urine stones, while optical properties are studied by polarizing microscope. X-ray fluorescence technique determined the concentrations of major and some trace elements. It revealed that Ca is the main constituent of the urinary stones, especially those composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The concentration of trace elements was Ba = 1.57, P = 3.61, Fe = 1.78, S = 2.08, Zr = 4.63, Mo = 3.92, Cu = 1.89, Co = 1.56, and F = 4.2% and was higher in the urinary stones of Jordanian patients than in foreigners in the country. Questionnaires completed by patients suggest that the most significant factors directly effecting the formation of stones are water, climate conditions, food rich in protein and rich in different chemicals. Moreover, some drugs and diseases might also help in developing other stones. 相似文献
110.