Enhanced remediation of Cr（Ⅵ）-contaminated groundwater by coupling electrokinetics with ZVI/Fe3O4/AC-based permeable reactive barrier

Although widely used in permeation reaction barrier（PRB） for strengthening the removal of various heavy metals, zero-valent iron（ZVI） is limited by various inherent drawbacks, such as easy passivation and poor electron transfer. As a solution, a synergistic system with PRB and electrokinetics（PRB-EK） was established and applied for the efficient removal of Cr（Ⅵ）-contaminated groundwater. As the filling material of PRB, ZVI/Fe₃O₄/activated carbon（ZVI/Fe₃O₄     

次生铁矿物及其与环境中锑的相互作用研究进展

我国锑矿资源丰富,锑矿资源开发利用过程导致锑进入表生环境并富集。锑作为人体非必需重金属,具有高化学毒性,是国际公认优先控制金属污染物。次生铁矿物在形成过程中和成矿后能以共沉淀、吸附等方式固定有害金属,但又易受环境因子变化的影响,重新释放被固定的有害金属,对有害金属的环境行为和归宿有着重要影响。本文面向我国锑污染现状,立足于常见次生铁矿物的基本结构和表面过程,以次生铁矿物相转变为切入点,论述了次生铁矿物与锑的相互作用机理,总结了环境pH、溶解性有机物、Fe(II)、微生物及环境温度等外界因素作用下次生铁矿物对锑环境行为的作用规律,以期从矿物学角度厘清环境因素-次生铁矿物-锑之间的微观作用机制,为表生环境锑污染的环境风险评价和修复治理提供理论指导。     

系统聚类-Elman神经网络同时测定废水中的铁、镍、铜

为建立能同时测定工业废水中铁、镍、铜含量的化学方法,本文提出铁、镍、铜与5-Br-PADAP及OP在pH 3.5缓冲液中生成稳定的配位化合物,在一定的波长范围内进行同时测定。将系统聚类方法应用于此测定体系的计算,使光谱重叠及光度分析计算中的校正模型的优化问题得到有效的解决。通过最佳化确定了Elman神经网络的结构和参数,将Elman神经网络应用于模拟废水以及实际废水中Fe（Ⅲ）、Ni（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）的测定,回收率分别在97%～102.8%和97.4%～102.6%之间,结果满意。     

氯化铁用于反硝化同步化学生物絮凝工艺研究

通过小试考察了氯化铁用于反硝化同步化学生物絮凝工艺的可行性.结果表明,在氯化铁投加量（以铁计）为20mg.L-1的条件下,反硝化污泥通过14 d的驯化,可以适应氯化铁的投加,反硝化速率、COD和NO3--N去除效果与空白反应器无明显差异,同时具有较好的TP去除效果,去除率高于80%.氯化铁的投加虽然提高了污泥浓度,但由于污泥中无机物比例增加、密度增大,同时污泥粒径变小,使污泥的沉淀性能与空白反应器中的污泥无明显差异,且SV30值仅为22%左右,小于空白反应器中污泥的27%.投加氯化铁后的污泥比阻平均为1.5×1012m.kg-1,远低于空白反应器中污泥的40.2×1012m.kg-1,浓缩后污泥的体积减少和比阻的降低有利于污泥的后续处理.     

Dechlorination of chlorophenols by zero valent iron impregnated silica

Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the efficacy of uniquely prepared zero valent iron impregnated silica in transforming xenobiotic chlorophenols namely 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Continuous mode column experiments were performed to investigate the transformation of chlorophenols by varying pH, column height, flow rate and initial chlorophenol concentration. Reusability study of the zero valent iron impregnated silica was studied as well as the morphological changes and the chemical composition of the catalyst medium were also investigated. Dechlorination kinetic studies were conducted and the order of dechlorination of chlorophenols was found to be 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 4-chlorophenol. The optimum pH, column height and flow rate were found to be 7, 20 cm and 0.75 L/hr respectively for all chlorophenols in the reaction duration of 4 hr. Intermediates formed during dechlorination study were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. This method was applied to real pulp and paper wastewater and was found satisfactory.     

Degradation of some typical pharmaceuticals and personal care products with copper-plating iron doped Cu2O under visible light irradiation

A mixture of five commonly used pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) was degraded using a new combined catalyst under visible light irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the combined catalyst was composed of copper-plating iron doped Cu₂O (FeCu/Cu₂O). Compared with the Fe/C inner micro-circuit, the electric currents flowing between Cu and Fe increase the speed of anodic Fe dissolution. Moreover, due to the photochemical properties, Cu₂O can accelerate the PPCPs degradation processes under the irradiation of visible light. In addition, shaking increased the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution, which not only preconditioned the photo-catalysis reaction, but also set the stage for Fe reduction. According to the experimental results, we propose the possible reaction mechanism of the reaction.     

我国钢铁企业二氧化碳排放结构探讨

根据钢铁行业碳素流和直接排放计算原理,利用温室气体排放分析模型对几家典型大型钢铁联合企业的CO2排放进行了计算,结合钢铁行业的能源消耗情况对钢铁企业的CO2排放结构进行了分析,提出我国钢铁企业CO2的控制重点在于燃料消耗,需从降低高炉燃料比、优化副产煤气尤其是高炉煤气的回收利用、控制烧结固体燃料消耗等几个方面采取措施。     

铁肥形态及施用方式对印度芥菜镉积累的影响

利用实际镉污染土壤(含镉0.08~1.89 mg/kg)进行盆栽试验,研究FeSO4、Fe(2SO4)3、EDTA.Na2Fe 3种铁肥和底施、追施2种施肥方式对印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)镉积累的影响。结果表明:施用Fe(2SO4)3的印度芥菜生物量与对照非常接近,而施用FeSO4和EDTA.Na2Fe的印度芥菜生物量均明显高于对照;底施EDTA.Na2Fe时,印度芥菜地上部Cd含量最低,比对照低76%~85%;追施Fe(2SO4)3时,印度芥菜地上部Cd含量、吸Cd量、对土壤中Cd的净化率均最高,分别比对照提高48%~236%、52%~63%、110%~260%。研究认为底施EDTA.Na2Fe等络合态亚铁肥,可用于改善食用印度芥菜的品质;追施Fe(2SO4)3时,可用于强化印度芥菜对镉污染土壤的修复。为铁基复合肥生产及其在镉污染土壤修复和无公害农产品生产中的应用提供了依据。     

零价铁降解4-氯硝基苯动力学研究

实验采用无氧条件下不同浓度零价铁降解硝基芳香烃代表物4-氯硝基苯,研究4-氯硝基苯的降解速率及各产物的反应速率.根据化学反应计量学,通过准一级动力学方程对实验结果进行拟合,得到生成各产物反应速率,并利用穆斯堡尔技术检测零价铁的产物.结果表明,4-氯硝基苯的还原转化速率与零价铁浓度有关,中间产物4-氯亚硝基苯和4-氯苯基羟胺的生成和转化速率可通过拟合各反应速率得到.当零价铁浓度为1.04 g.L-1时4-氯硝基苯反应速率最快,反应速率常数为0.189min-1.反应过程中生成的亚铁离子在反应初期吸附在零价铁表面,各物质的生成和还原速率取决于零价铁表面的活性位点和各物质与零价铁之间的质量传递.