Influence of zeta potential on the flocculation of cyanobacteria cells using chitosan modified soil

Using chitosan modified soil to flocculate and sediment algal cells has been considered as a promising strategy to combat cyanobacteria blooms in natural waters. However, the flocculation efficiency often varies with algal cells with different zeta potential(ZP) attributed to different growth phases or water conditions. This article investigated the relationship between ZP of Microcystis aeruginosa and its influence to the flocculation efficiency using chitosan modified soil. Results suggested that the optimal removal efficiency was obtained when the ZP was between- 20.7 and- 6.7 m V with a removal efficiency of more than 80% in 30 min and large floc size of 350 μm. When the algal cells were more negatively charged than- 20.7 m V, the effect of chitosan modified soil was depressed( 60%) due to the insufficient charge density of chitosan to neutralize and destabilize the algal suspension. When the algal cells were less negative than- 6.7 m V or even positively charged, a small floc size( 120 μm) was formed, which may be difficult to sink under natural water conditions. Therefore, manipulation of ZP provided a viable tool to improve the flocculation efficiency of chitosan modified soil and an important guidance for practical engineering of cyanobacteria bloom control.     

自动电位滴定法测定烟气氨法脱硫模拟浆液中氯离子的研究

氯离子含量是氨法脱硫工艺中的一个重要监控指标,用自动电位滴定法测定氨法脱硫浆液中的氯离子。结果表明,实验加入乙醇有利于增大电位突跃幅度;pH值为3~5时实验结果准确;加标回收率为90%~110%;与莫尔法相比,测定结果准确度、精密度更高,且不受灰分颜色干扰;与离子色谱法测定结果准确度、精密度相近,但测定高浓度氯离子电位滴定法更有优势。     

土壤有机质含量测定方法的改进研究

通过研究改进了土壤有机质含量的测定方法。首先称取适量土壤置于长管消解系统中进行消解,然后采用全自动电位滴定仪进行滴定,直接获得土壤的有机质含量。使用该方法测定的土壤标准样品的有机质含量均在保证值以内,同时对实际样品进行精密度测试,得到相对标准偏差为1．03％。该方法降低了土壤有机质含量检测的实验成本,减少了环境污染,同时提高了实验数据的准确度与精密度,值得推广。     

聚合物/表面活性剂二元体系对油水界面性质的影响

文章应用界面张力仪、Zeta电位仪和表面黏弹性仪测定了聚合物、表面活性剂及其二元复合体系的质量浓度对油水界面性质的影响,并应用透射电镜观察了采出液的液膜结构。结果表明,随着聚合物质量浓度的增加,油水界面的界面剪切黏度值和界面张力值增大,颗粒表面Zeta电位的绝对值增大;随着表面活性剂质量浓度的增加,油水界面的界面剪切黏度变化幅度很小,但界面张力显著减小,颗粒表面Zeta电位绝对值增大;聚合物与表面活性剂复合能够形成稳定的聚合体,具有较大的界面剪切黏度值,较小的界面张力和较高的Zeta电位值;体系中聚合物、表面活性剂及水中悬浮物形成了类似"晶体"结构。     

活性与非活性克雷伯氏菌对水中Pb2+的吸附性能

针对从云南某矿山废水中分离出的1株克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.),研究其活性菌体(AK)和非活性菌体(IK)对水溶液中Pb~(2+)的吸附性能。研究了pH、吸附剂用量、反应时间和初始Pb~(2+)浓度、背景阴离子和共存阳离子对AK和IK吸附Pb~(2+)的影响,采用Zeta电位和FTIR分析进一步阐述2种吸附剂吸附Pb~(2+)的差异。在不同的实验条件下,AK对Pb~(2+)的吸附量均高于IK。AK和IK的吸附动力学均符合伪二级动力学模型,吸附等温线都能更好地使用Langmuir模型拟合。背景阴离子NO32-、Cl-和SO42-对AK和IK去除Pb~(2+)影响不大。Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Cd~(2+)3种重金属离子共存时,AK和IK对Pb~(2+)的吸附具有选择性。Zeta电位和FTIR分析表明,AK比IK具有更强的结合Pb~(2+)的能力,参与反应的基团主要是羟基、氨基和羧基。     

升流式生物催化电解反应器(UBER)处理硝基苯废水试验研究

升流式生物催化电解反应器(UBER)是一种将生物方法与电化学相结合的新型废水处理技术,使用UBER降解硝基芳香烃类化合物,不但处理周期短、效率高,而且成本低,占地面积小。通过UBER处理含硝基苯模拟废水,对生物催化电解技术的原理进行讨论,并探索最佳反应条件,为该项技术处理实际废水提供理论依据。考察了进水浓度对硝基苯去除率的影响,同时对阴极催化硝基苯定向还原为苯胺进行探讨,最后分别从外加电压、进水乙酸盐质量浓度及进水p H值3个方面,对UBER还原硝基苯的关键影响因素进行最优试验条件分析。结果表明,UBER可以高效处理硝基苯废水,当硝基苯进水质量浓度为200 mg/L时,去除率可以达到97. 2%,但随进水质量浓度进一步提高至220 mg/L,硝基苯的去除效果不佳,去除率仅为79. 13%。当进水硝基苯质量浓度较低时,苯胺生成率较高,平均值达到91%,随硝基苯进水质量浓度提高,引起阴极电势波动,使得还原反应按照多种途径发生,硝基苯不仅被定向还原为苯胺,还被还原成其他副产物,同时,微生物也可以将部分生成的苯胺进一步氧化利用,造成出水苯胺含量偏低。最优条件试验表明,外加电压在0. 3～0. 5 V,硝基苯的去除率均达到93%以上,此时阳极微生物具有良好的电化学活性,当电压降到0. 2 V时,硝基苯去除率仅为36%,表明外加电压过低会严重影响反应器的稳定运行;将乙酸钠质量浓度从1 000 mg/L逐渐减小,质量浓度降低至700 mg/L时,阳极电位依然保持在-440 m V vs. SCE左右,UBER系统运行稳定,当乙酸钠质量浓度进一步降低,阳极微生物电化学活性逐渐受到抑制;UBER中微生物最佳生长p H值为6～7,当p H值超出这一范围,会影响微生物生长代谢,进而影响硝基苯的去除效果。     

钙镁试剂-示波计时电位法快速测定天然水中不同形态铝

采用钙镁试剂 (CLG) 示波计时电位法 ,分别在中性和碱性条件下直接检测天然水中的无机单核铝 [Ali]和总单核铝 [Ala]浓度 .并用该法测定了酸消化水样中的总铝 [AlT],由 [Ala]-[Ali]间接得到有机单核铝 [Alo],[AlT]-[Ala]得到酸溶态铝 [Alr],从而实现了水中五种Al形态的电化学测定 .实验结果表明 :在pH9 0的 0 5mol·1 - 1KCl+ 0 1mol·1 - 1Na2 B4 O7缓冲溶液中 ,CLG切口为Ep1=-0 75V ,加入铝后出现新切口 ,Ep2 =-0 90V ,检测线性范围为 8× 1 0 - 6— 4× 1 0 - 5mol·1 - 1,检测下限为 6× 1 0 - 7mol·1 - 1,在 3× 1 0 - 5mol·1 - 1Al时 ,相对标准偏差为 4 8% (n =1 0 ) .在中性条件下测定的是无机单核铝 ,而在碱性条件下则是总单核铝 (包括无机单核铝和有机单核铝两部分 ) .     

复极性固定床电解槽内电极电位的分布

本文通过设计独特的测量和检验实验装置，对复极性固定床电解槽内的电极电位进行了测试。发现了槽内反应的动力就是槽内粒子与溶液的电位之差，可通过调节它的变化来控制反应的进行。     

Use of Biotic Community Structure as a Measure of Ecological Degradation

The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of two lotic aquatic habitats,namely,the Churni River(C-R)and the Jalangi River(J-R)were compared in this study.One lotic aquatic system(C-R)was polluted by organic pollutants due to discharge of unprocessed sewage water,while the other(J-R)was not affected by such pollution.Evaluations of various physico-chemical properties of water,sediment and different macroinvertebrate communities of the two tropical lotic systems were done in a period from January,2002 to December,2003.A long term temporal change in the macroinvertebrate communities was recorded due to increase in sediment rH value.Sediment redox potential affected by the anthropogenic activities was found to be an important factor for alteration of macroinvertebrate communities in these aquatic ecosystems.A positive correlation has been established between rH and Margalef index in this study.Potassium and the total count of coliform bacteria in water showed significantly higher values for the polluted Churni River than those for the Jalangi River.Fig 3,Tab 4,Ref 34     

常规水处理厂中小隐孢子虫卵囊的去除效果

介绍了小隐孢子虫卵囊的特点及其对人体的危害，分析了pH、混凝剂种类与投加量、电导率和天然有机物含量等对小隐孢子虫卵囊的Zeta电位的影响，总结了混凝－沉淀－过滤和直接过滤对小隐孢子虫卵囊的去除效果，探讨了水温、水质、混凝剂种类与投加量、滤料层组成和滤速等对去除效果的影响。