某金属冶炼厂周围居民人发的6种元素含量特征

为研究金属冶炼对人体健康的危害水平,利用原子吸收分光光度计和AFS-930型原子荧光光度计对浙江富阳郊区某金属冶炼厂周围部分人发的6种元素Cu、2n、Pb、Cd、As、Se含量进行了测定.结果表明,研究区居民人发样品中具有较高含量,其中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd最高含量分别达312、513、700和7.41 μg·g-1, As和Se最高量达10.08和0.85 μg·g-1.人发中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As含量呈明显相关关系,这在一定程度上反映了人发中元素污染程度的相似来源可能是小高炉冶炼.不同年龄的人发元素含量分析表明,40岁以上人发中Cu、Pb、Cd、As平均含量高于40岁以下约2倍;不同性别的人发元素含量分析表明, Cu、Zn、Cd、Se没有多大差别, Pb和As表现为男性略高于女性,但是经统计检验各元素在年龄和性别差异上均不显著.     

新型钙铝石类水处理剂对冶炼综合废水中阴阳离子的同步去除研究

制备了一种主要成分为12CaO.7Al2O3的层状结构的新型钙铝石类水处理剂,并针对某种冶炼综合废水开展了实验室小试和现场中试。结果表明:投加占废水质量5‰～7‰的药剂,可将冶炼综合废水中的Zn2+、Cd2+、Ca2+、SO24-分别以Ca2ZnSi2O7、Cd2OSO4、CaSO4.2H2O的形式同步去除,去除率分别可达50%～60%、80%、100%。离子去除率与药剂投加量、反应时间、废水初始pH值、废水初始离子浓度等因素总体上均呈正相关。出水水质不仅满足达标排放标准,而且基本达到或接近工业循环冷却水回用标准。     

再生铜冶炼过程多氯萘与二噁英类排放特征分析与控制技术评估

多氯萘(PCNs)和二噁英类(PCDD/Fs)化合物可在再生铜生产过程中无意产生和排放,对其排放关键节点和相关因素分析可为PCNs和PCDD/Fs的协同控制提供科学依据.本研究通过对再生铜的关键生产工艺分析,监测PCNs和PCDD/Fs的排放水平,辨识排放的关键生产环节,筛选可行的协同减排技术,从而提出再生铜生产过程中PCNs和PCDD/Fs协同减排的技术措施和控制建议.研究结果可为我国履行《关于持久性有机污染物(POPs)的斯德哥尔摩公约》和开展再生铜行业无意产生的POPs减排提供决策支撑.     

Reduction behaviors of permanganate by microbial cells and concomitant accumulation of divalent cations of Mg2+, Zn2+, and Co2+

Permanganate treatment is widely used for disinfection of bacteria in surface-contaminated water. In this paper, the fate of the dissolved permanganate in aqueous solution after contact with cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied. Concomitant accumulation of divalent cations of Mg~(2+), Zn~(2+), and Co~(2+) during precipitation of Mn oxides was also studied. The time course of the Mn concentration in solution showed an abrupt decrease after contact of Mn(VII) with microbial cells, followed by an increase after ～ 24 hr.XRD analysis of the precipitated Mn oxides, called biomass Mn oxides, showed the formation of low-crystalline birnessite. Visible spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES) analyses indicated that dissolved Mn(VII) was reduced to form biomass Mn oxides involving Mn(IV) and Mn(III), followed by reduction to soluble Mn(II).The numbers of electron transferred from microbial cells to permanganate and to biomass Mn oxides for 24 hr after the contact indicated that the numbers of electron transfer from microbial cell was approximately 50 times higher to dissolved permanganate than to the biomass Mn oxides in present experimental conditions. The 24 hr accumulation of divalent cations during formation of biomass Mn oxides was in the order of Co~(2+) Zn~(2+) Mg~(2+).XANES analysis of Co showed that oxidation of Co~(2+) to Co~(3+) resulted in higher accumulation of Co than Zn and Mg. Thus, treatment of surface water by KMnO_4 solution is effective not only for disinfection of microorganisms, but also for the elimination of metal cations from surface water.     

Comparative cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and ions to Escherichia coli in binary mixtures

The objective of this study was to understand toxicity of mixture of nanoparticles (NPs) (ZnO and TiO₂) and their ions to Escherichia coli. Results indicated the decrease in percentage growth of E. coli with the increase in concentration of NPs both in single and mixture setups. Even a small concentration of 1 mg/L was observed to be significantly toxic to E. coli in binary mixture setup (exposure concentration: 1 mg/L ZnO and 1 mg/L TiO₂; 21.15% decrease in plate count concentration with respect to control). Exposure of E. coli to mixture of NPs at 1000 mg/L (i.e., 1000 mg/L ZnO and 1000 mg/L TiO₂) resulted in 99.63% decrease in plate count concentration with respect to control. Toxic effects of ions to E. coli were found to be lesser than their corresponding NPs. The percentage growth reduction was found to be 36% for binary mixture of zinc and titanium ions at the highest concentration (i.e., 803.0 mg/L Zn and 593.3 mg/L Ti where ion concentrations are equal to the Zn ions present in 1000 mg/L ZnO NP solution and Ti^+ 4 ions present in 1000 mg/L TiO₂ NP solution). Nature of mixture toxicity of the two NPs to E. coli was found to be antagonistic. The alkaline phosphatase (Alp) assay indicated that the maximum damage was observed when E. coli was exposed to 1000 mg/L of mixture of NPs. This study tries to fill the knowledge gap on information of toxicity of mixture of NPs to bacteria which has not been reported earlier.     

诺兰达炉铜冶炼系统对SO_2排放的影响及措施

分析了鄂东某大型铜冶炼厂引进诺兰达熔炼系统并进行烟气制酸系统的技术改造后减排SO2的效果,指出原反射炉作为"贫化"冶炼的继续使用使该企业的SO2排放仍成为污染的主要矛盾,建议将贫化炉烟气中低浓度SO2回收,并简介了氨酸法回收SO2的工艺过程。     

浅谈锌合金冲裁模制造工艺

介绍了应用锌合金技术制造冲裁模具的工艺方法和注意事项及在生产实际中所达到的效果     

Measuring heavy metal migration rates in a low-permeability soil

Heavy metals at high concentrations are often toxic to living organisms, and their environmental toxicity depends on soil properties. It has long been thought that in clay-rich, low-permeability soils, heavy metals are bound to soil particles, and thus there are only few toxicity risks. This study questioned this perception and tested heavy metal mobility in such a soil, of the London Clay series, using a benchtop centrifuge. Soil columns were placed in the centrifuge and were infiltrated with solutions of Cu, Ni and Zn ions, while the centrifuge was running at three different gravity levels, at 5,280, 2,600 and 1,300 gravities. The measured rates of migration of Cu, Ni and Zn ions were extrapolated down to 1 gravity, which represents field conditions, the conditions for which an assessment of risk due to metal toxicity would be needed. It was found that heavy metal movement was significant in London Clay, Ni being the most mobile metal in the study, followed by Zn and then Cu ions. Centrifuge infiltration tests were proven to be a valuable tool in the study and quantification of metal mobility in low-permeability soil, because they were easy to run and precise in predicting metal movement in London Clay. Electronic Publication     

钙硼复合对土壤锌吸附-解吸热力学和动力学的影响

酸性紫色土对锌的等温吸附 -解吸和动力学试验表明 :锌的等温吸附符合 L angmuir方程 ,最大吸附量为15 3.8mg/kg土。钙、硼与锌复合 ,均降低土壤锌的最大吸附量及结合常数 K。所吸持的锌的解吸量和解吸率小 ,钙和硼均降低了锌的解吸率。土壤吸附锌的动力学以 Elovich方程 (Ct=a+blnt)描述最佳 ,反映土壤对锌吸附速率大小的方程参数 b值以 Zn>Zn+Ca+B>Zn+B>Zn+Ca。     

紫色土锌镉复合污染效应与机理研究

采用盆栽试验结合野外调查，研究紫色土锌镉复合污染对莴笋、蕃茄、甘兰、小麦等的作物效应与原因。结果表明，锌镉复合污染加剧锌的毒害作用，但缓解镉毒性，其原因在于：低浓度镉促进锌吸收、高浓度锌抑制镉吸收。土壤锌镉复合对二价离子的竞争效应也影响其生态效应。