钢铁联合企业二氧化硫减排与控制

综述钢铁联合企业SO2减排与控制技术应用状况及常见的脱硫原理与特点,特别提出了钢铁企业利用自产可脱硫资源达到以废治污目的。     

Association between heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens in environmental reservoirs: A review

Heavy metals can act as co-selecting agents and promote antibiotic resistance. Most frequent resistances to heavy metals are observed for zinc and cadmium. P. aeruginosa and E. coli are commonly resistant to heavy metals and antibiotics. Heavy metals proliferate antibiotic resistance through co- and cross-resistance. Heavy metal and antibiotic resistances are common near anthropogenic activities. Antibiotic resistance in human pathogens can proliferate under selective pressures. Heavy metals in environmental reservoirs may contribute to selecting antibiotic-resistant strains. To determine the associations between heavy metals and antibiotic resistance, a literature review was conducted to systematically collect and categorize evidence for co-occurrence of resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics within human pathogenic bacteria in water, wastewater, and soil. In total, 42 publications adhered to inclusion criteria. Across the reservoirs, zinc and cadmium were the most commonly observed heavy metals associated with resistance to antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were the most commonly studied bacteria with reported co-occurrence of resistance to several heavy metals and antibiotic classes. As co-selecting agents, prevalence of heavy metals in the environment can proliferate resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics through co-resistance and cross-resistance mechanisms. In comparing different reservoirs, soils and sediments harbor higher heavy metal and antibiotic resistances compared to water environments. Additionally, abiotic factors such as pH can affect the solubility and hence, the availability of heavy metals to bacterial pathogens. Overall, our review demonstrates heavy metals act as co-selecting agents in the proliferation of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens in multiple environmental reservoirs. More studies that include statistical data are needed to further describe the exposure-response relationships between heavy metals and antibiotic resistance in different environmental media. Moreover, integration of culture-based and molecular-based methods in future studies are recommended to better inform our understanding of bacterial co- and cross-resistance mechanisms to heavy metals and antibiotics.     

再生金属行业技术培训现状与创新

阐述了再生金属行业培训工作的发展现状,对我国再生金属行业员工培训工作的内容、特点、效果进行分析,并对今后培训工作提出建议和设想。     

重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响

研究了华北平原某铅冶炼厂附近农田33个土壤样品中重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,样品中Pb和Cd全量的平均值分别为144和5.59mg·kg-1,DTPA态Pb和Cd含量平均值分别为54.1和0.964mg·kg-1,均超过了未污染农田潮土的正常范围,而Cu、Ni和Zn的有效性和全量与未污染土壤接近;土壤过氧化氢酶活性与DTPA态Pb和Cd含量、全Pb含量均呈显著的负线性关系(P<0.01);与磷酸酶和脲酶相比,土壤脱氢酶活性更易受到土壤中Pb和Cd积累的影响;随DTPA-Ni含量增加,土壤蛋白酶和碱性磷酸酶活性增加(P<0.1);土壤脲酶活性与重金属全量或有效态重金属含量无显著相关性(P>0.1)。以上结果说明,利用土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性能够表征基本性质较为一致的土壤中重金属污染程度;与重金属全量相比,有效态重金属对土壤酶活性影响更大。     

典型再生铜冶炼厂周边土壤中PCDD/Fs、PCBs和PCNs的污染特征及健康风险评估

本研究同时测定了1家典型再生铜冶炼厂周边土壤中PCDD/Fs、PCBs和PCNs的含量,进而分析和评估了该冶炼厂对周边环境的影响和研究区域工人的健康风险.冶炼厂周边土壤中PCDD/Fs、PCBs和PCNs的含量范围分别为17.2~370、1.20~14.2和70.9~950 pg·g^-1.在冶炼厂附近（<300 m）的采样点检出了高含量的PCDD/Fs和PCNs,其含量随距离的增加呈指数型下降.源解析结果表明,再生铜冶炼厂对其周边300 m内土壤中PCDD/Fs和PCNs的含量和单体分布特征影响显著.此外,除再生铜冶炼厂外,周边土壤中PCDD/Fs的污染可能还受到历史使用五氯酚或五氯酚钠的影响.健康风险评估结果表明,工人暴露周边土壤中PCDD/Fs、PCBs和PCNs的非致癌和致癌风险均处于可接受水平范围内,经口摄入是最主要的暴露途径.虽然健康风险评估只考虑工人工作时间内对室外环境中这些污染物的暴露,两份土壤样品的致癌风险值已达到0.47×10^-6和0.15×10^-6（阈值10^-6）,值得关注.PCDD/Fs对总致癌风险（PCDD/Fs+PCBs+PCNs）的贡献率最高（96%）,是该区域需首要关注和控制的二英类化合物.     

Comparison of three sequential extraction procedures for trace element partitioning in three contaminated Mediterranean soils

The sequential extraction procedures described by Tessier et al., McGrath and Cegarra, and Gimeno-García et al. were compared to investigate trace element (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) partitioning patterns and extraction efficiency in three contaminated soils from Mediterranean regions of Spain. Soils were selected from Onda (Castellón) (S1), Aznalcóllar (Sevilla) (S2), and Silla (Valencia) (S3). S1 was a soil contaminated with Pb and Zn after dumping of wastes from the manufacture of ceramic tiles, S2 was polluted accidentally with a highly acid and As-concentrated sludge from mining activities, and S3 was a soil with a high Cr content from tannery sludge disposal. Trace element distribution in the soils—soluble, exchangeable, organically bound, precipitated with carbonates, bound to iron and manganese oxides, and precipitated with sulfides fractions—varied significantly according to the extraction procedure used. In addition, different extraction efficiencies were found for the three sequential extraction procedures compared. Finally, the trace elements studied showed different and specific distribution patterns between the various soil fractions examined.     

Contaminant Exposure and Effects in Red-Winged Blackbirds Inhabiting Stormwater Retention Ponds

Stormwater wetlands are created to retain water from storms and snow melt to reduce sediment, nutrient, and contaminant pollution of natural waterways in metropolitan areas. However, they are often a source of attractive habitat to wetland-associated wildlife. In this study of 12 stormwater wetlands and a larger, older reference site, elevated concentrations of zinc and copper were found in sediments and carcasses of 8-day-old red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) nestlings inhabiting stormwater sites. Although nesting success in the stormwater wetlands was comparable to national averages, sediment zinc concentrations correlated with clutch size, hatching success, fledgling success, and Mayfield nest success, suggesting that the nestlings may have been stressed and impaired by elevated zinc. This stress may have been direct on the nestlings or indirect through effects on the availability of food organisms.Published online     

钼冶炼行业发展循环经济探析

根据目前我国钼冶炼行业的生产现状,通过对三氧化钼的焙烧、钼铁冶炼主要生产工艺、产污环节及污染治理情况进行总结分析,重点阐述二氧化硫、烟尘和铼回收利用后的经济效益,说明环保治理可成为钼冶炼行业的经济增长点,发展钼冶炼循环经济是必然的选择。     

铜冶炼企业现场环境监察技术要点分析

针对以铜精矿为原料的铜冶炼企业现状,按照现场监察程序和方法,提出了备料区、熔炼区、电解区、制酸区等4个主要区域各产污环节的现场环境监察技术要点,重点监察重金属,SO2与烟粉尘的达标排放,危险固废安全处置及环境风险应急预案与应急措施到位情况,为环境监察工作提供技术指南。     

我国再生锌行业二噁英污染有效控制技术探讨

分析了我国再生锌行业产生二噁英污染的概况,为我国再生锌行业二噁英污染控制提供了基本依据;在对我国再生锌行业二噁英污染节点分析基础上,阐述了我国再生锌行业二噁英污染的控制方法;并提出了再生锌二噁英污染控制的有效技术途径.