低品位氧化锌矿的碱法浸出研究进展

随着世界对锌的需求量的增加,碱法浸出低品位氧化锌矿因其显著的优点（浸出率达90%以上、环境污染小等）而成为国内外研究的热点。本文主要介绍了低品位氧化锌矿氢氧化钠浸出体系的动力学和热力学过程,氨浸体系中氯铵、碳铵、硫氨浸出的国内外各研究单位的最近研究成果,并对碱浸过程中矿石活化、闪锌矿难溶解两类问题进行了讨论。     

铜、锌污染对水稻土中油菜（Brassica chinensis L.）生长的影响及累积效应研究

通过盆栽试验,系统研究了Cu、Zn重金属污染对油菜（Brassica chinensis L.）生长、SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖及Cu、Zn在油菜体内吸收富集的影响。结果表明：Cu、Zn污染对油菜生物量和生理生化指标（SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性糖）均有影响。随着Cu、Zn质量分数的升高,植株干物重和SOD保护酶活性表现为先增后降;当Cu质量分数达到1 000 mg？kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降36.79%、66.67%;当Zn质量分数达到3 000 mg？kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降55.21%、82.05%。Cu污染下,油菜叶片脯氨酸质量分数逐渐下降,总可溶性糖质量分数表现为先增后降;Zn污染下,脯氨酸和总可溶性糖质量分数均表现为先增后降。Cu、Zn污染使油菜幼苗叶片及根中的Cu、Zn质量分数明显增加,根部的积累尤其明显。当Cu处理为1 000 mg？kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为57.6、424.162 mg？kg-1;当Zn处理为1 000 mg？kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为240、608.54 mg？kg-1。与Zn相比,Cu主要积累在油菜的根部,向茎叶迁移累积的量很少,并且随着添加质量分数的增加,茎叶吸收Cu的量变化不大。总之,重金属Zn相对于Cu更容易积累于油菜的地上部分,从而更易进入食物链,它们在油菜体内富集都对其生理生化和营养产生了明显毒害作用。     

Enhanced removal of ethylbenzene from gas streams in biotrickling filters by Tween-20 and Zn(II)

The effects of Tween-20 and Zn（II） on ethylbenzene removal were evaluated using two biotrickling filters（BTFs）, BTF1 and BTF2. Only BTF1 was fed with Tween-20 and Zn（II）.Results show that ethylbenzene removal decreased from 94% to 69% for BTF1 and from 74%to 54% for BTF2 with increased organic loading from 64.8 to 189.0 g ethylbenzene/（m3·hr） at EBRT of 40 sec. The effect of EBRT（60–15 sec） at a constant ethylbenzene inlet concentration was more significant than that of EBRT（30–10 sec） at a constant organic loading. Biomass accumulation rate within packing media was reduced significantly.     

铜冶炼场地周边土壤重金属污染特征与风险评价

铜冶炼生产活动会造成周边土壤重金属污染,威胁公众健康.通过收集整理已发表文献数据,从整体上研究了国内外40个铜冶炼场地周边不同土地利用类型土壤重金属的累积特征、分布规律以及健康风险.结果表明,铜冶炼场地周边土壤重金属ω(As)、ω(Cd)、ω(Cu)、ω(Pb)和ω(Zn)平均值分别为196、10.5、1 948、604和853 mg·kg^-1,地累积指数(I_geo)依次为：Cd(5.63)>Cu(3.88)>As(2.96)>Pb(2.30)>Zn(1.27),Cd和Cu累积最严重.土壤重金属内梅罗指数(NIPI)高值主要出现在冶炼历史长、工艺落后和环保措施不足的场地.土壤重金属含量之间呈现显著相关性,随着采样半径增加而降低,主要累积在冶炼场地周边2～3 km内.相对于冶炼历史、规模和工艺,土地利用类型对土壤重金属含量影响较小.铜冶炼场地周边土壤重金属普遍存在致癌风险与非致癌风险,其中冶炼生产区As和Pb,林地Pb的健康风险较高.研究结果可以指导冶炼场地周边土壤重金属污染风险防控工作.     

A barrier to metal movement: Synchrotron study of iron plaque on roots of wetland plants

正A wetland with attractive plants hosting birds and other wildlife is an esthetically pleasing prospect that is gaining popularity as a way of stabilizing or remediating metalcontaminated soils and sediment(Weber and Gagnon,2014;     

固定化细菌胞壁多糖吸附铜、锌和镍最佳包埋条件的确定

以聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠为包埋刺,将细菌胞壁多糖进行包埋固定后,以吸附铜、锌和镍的能力为考察指标,从机械强度、传质性和耐酸性等方面综合考虑确定了固定化小球最佳配方。按照此最佳配方进行吸附能力验证实验,结果发现,该固定化小球对铜、锌和镍的吸附量分别达到0．9571mg／g、0．7843mg／g和0．4548mg／g,且机械强度、传质性和耐酸性都较好。     

Air classification of blast furnace dust collected in a fabric filter for recycling to the sinter process

Totally dry cleaning has become a common technology for top gas cleaning in blast furnaces in recent years. A significant advantage of totally dry gas cleaning is that the dust collected is obtained as dry powder, thus simplifying the recycling of the dust in the sinter plant and avoiding aqueous emissions. The concentration of some heavy metals, especially zinc, in the collected dust is usually higher than the maximum tolerable concentration for recycling to the sinter process. Therefore, a process for separation of dust with a low level of contamination from the rest is necessary to make partial recycling possible. This is possible because the limited components are more volatile and accumulate in the finer dust fraction. In wet blast furnace top gas cleaning, hydrocyclones are well established for this separation. For the separation of dry powder from the dry dedusting process air classification can be used. Dust from the top gas of a blast furnace with a fabric filter for dry top gas cleaning was split into several size fractions using a laboratory air classifier. The concentration of Ca, Cd, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Pb and Zn was analysed for each particle class and the loss on ignition was determined. A strong dependence of the concentration on the particle size was found for the more volatile metals, whereas the Fe and Ca concentration and the loss on ignition were quite evenly distributed. With the calculated recovery–removal-functions the possible recycling rate can be estimated for a given removal rate for the limited components.     

冶炼厂SO2软锰矿湿法脱硫研究

用自制的还原软锰矿作湿式净化ＳＯ２的吸收剂,在某冶炼厂用泡沫吸收塔进行了还原软锰矿湿法脱硫生产ＭｎＳＯ４Ｈ２Ｏ的现场扩大试验,研究了软锰矿还原的最佳实验室条件及ＳＯ２吸收的最佳扩大试验条件,用吸收液１次结晶得到纯度为９５％的ＭｎＳＯ４Ｈ２Ｏ产品     

从电镀锌废渣中回收制备锌盐的研究

研究了以含锌废渣为原料、制备锌产品的工艺条件。实验主要对酸浸取，氧化除铁、锗和置换除去重金属元素等过程的工艺条件进行了研究。制得碱式碳酸锌和氧化锌两种锌产品，其纯度分别大于96％和95％。锌回收率达到80％以上。     

矿冶区重金属污染土壤肥力特征及生态修复潜力分析

通过对湖南长沙、株洲、衡阳和郴州地区典型矿冶区周边64个土壤样品的调查分析,结果表明,与我国《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)III级标准(pH6.5～7.5)比较,典型矿冶区周边土壤中As、Cd、Pb和Zn含量的超标率分别为75.8%、75.8%、66.1%和71.0%,表现为多重金属污染。废弃地土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn含量显著高于菜地和水稻土壤中相应元素含量。典型矿冶区周边土壤整体呈酸性,质地较粘。土壤中有机质、碱解N、速效P、有效K含量范围分别为0.18～143g/kg、14.7～372、7.82～202、0.00～782mg/kg,其平均含量达到II级标准值的样品数分别占总样品数的93.7%、95.4%、100%和89.1%。土壤质地和肥力特征表明,典型矿冶区周边重金属污染土壤基本肥力总体水平较好,可以顺利开展其生态修复。