宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周围灰尘中重金属的空间分布及污染评价

利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪对宝鸡市长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周围灰尘中重金属含量进行了分析,并采用地积累指数和富集因子评价方法评价了灰尘中重金属的污染状况.结果表明,该铅锌厂周围灰尘中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni和V的几何平均含量分别为123.1、1449.1、2082.1、1085.0、840.和81.8mg·kg-1,均明显高于陕西省表层土壤背景值,分别为陕西省表层土壤背景值的5.8、67.7、30.0、17.4、1.4和1.2倍.距离铅锌厂500m范围的灰尘中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni的含量最高.污染评价结果表明,长青镇铅锌厂周围灰尘中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr都存在着不同程度的污染,污染区域主要集中在铅锌厂的西北、西南和东南方向,而Ni和V则基本无污染.     

植物果实中不同部位金属元素含量的AAS分析

采用原子吸收分光光度法对七叶纳果皮、果肉、种子、八月扎果皮、果肉、种子、九莲瓜果皮、果肉、种子中Zn、Mn、Fe三种植物必需的金属元素进行了测定和分析,该方法的加标回收率为95.56 ～112.21,RSD 3.4,具有良好的准确度和精密度.结果表明,所测元素在三种植物果实中不同部位表现为不同的含量顺序,说明三种植物果实的不同部位对三种元素的吸收和积累能力存在差异.     

Lead-induced alterations in protein-deficient rat liver–role of zinc

This study was designed to determine the protective effects of zinc (Zn) using liver marker enzymes in the serum and liver along with hepatic elemental profile in lead (Pb)-treated protein-deficient (PD) Sprague–Dawley male rats. Zn in the form of zinc sulfate at a dose of 227?mg?L^?1 in drinking water was administrated to control, PD as well as Pb-treated PD rats for 8 weeks. Pb treatment was given orally as lead acetate at a dose level of 100?mg?kg^?1 body weight to control and PD rats. The effects of different treatments were studied on the activities of enzymes that included alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum. The status of different elements (Cl, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Pb) in liver was also studied. Rats given PD diet and Pb showed significant inhibition in serum ALP activity associated with significant elevation in both AST and ALT activities. Serum ALP activity showed a significant inhibition week 1 until week 8 in Pb-treated PD rats. In contrast, serum AST activity was elevated both at 3 and 8 weeks while serum ALT activity was elevated at 8 weeks in Pb-treated PD rats. Pb treatment to PD rats elevated hepatic ALP, AST and ALT activities but depressed hepatic AST. Zn supplementation to Pb-treated PD rats restored the altered enzyme activities. The levels of K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se and Rb were altered in protein deficiency. Furthermore, treatment with Pb to these animals depressed the Cu levels. Zn treatment to Pb-treated PD animals tended to restore the levels of altered elements. Hence, the present study clearly suggests that Zn plays an important role in regulating the liver marker enzymes and essential elements under conditions of Pb toxicity and protein deficiency.     

黔西北土法炼锌区典型植物体内重金属的积累研究

对黔西北土法炼锌导致的重金属严重污染地区生长茂盛的自然植被及其根部土壤进行了重金属分析测试。土壤重金属形态用连续提取法区分为有效态和强结合态,结果发现植物体内的重金属含量与土壤中有效态的重金属含量成正比。所分析的4种植物体内的Pb、Zn、Cd含量表现为Zn>Pb>Cd。接骨草(SambucusChinensis)和柳叶苦荬菜(Ixerisgracilis)在体内富集、运输重金属元素的能力很强,是对污染区生态重建非常有前景的植物。     

典型锌冶炼工艺的汞污染源去向分析及其监控方案研究

通过分析锌冶炼的典型工艺流程,梳理出汞污染在锌冶炼中的来源及去向。根据现有情况提出锌冶炼行业中汞污染的可行性监控方案,提出一定的建议。     

土法炼锌导致土壤中铅分布特征和形态变化的研究

对贵州省赫章县土法炼锌区土壤中Pb分布特征和形态变化进行了研究。各炼锌点表层土壤中全铅含量71.8~37247.4 mg.kg-1,远高于贵州省土壤背景值(29.3 mg.kg-1)。其分布特征表现为:土壤中Pb含量总趋势随着炼锌时间增加而增加,随着距废渣堆的距离增加而降低。剖面中全铅含量分析表明Pb主要累积在土壤表层,但随着冶炼时间增加深层土壤中Pb累积程度也逐渐加大。以CaCl2和DTPA作为提取剂的简化连续提取法对土壤中Pb形态进行分析,结果显示,土壤中CaCl2和DTPA提取态Pb占全量的比例很低,平均值分别为0.3%和5%,但是其绝对含量高达6.4~1037 mg.kg-1;并随着Pb在土壤中累积时间的加长,CaCl2和DTPA提取态Pb所占比例呈显著降低的趋势,但其绝对含量逐渐增加。     

锌铝水滑石负载羧酸基酞菁锌可见光降解水中氯苯酚

以锌铝类水滑石为载体,1.0%(质量分数)水溶性羧酸基酞菁锌为光敏剂,制备了不溶于水的负载型光敏剂,并对其结构进行表征.结果表明,在可见光和氧气作用下,该复合催化剂能够引发水中对氯苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚和2,4,6-三氯苯酚的降解.但有机物降解的速率与载体的锌铝比和煅烧温度有关.研究表明,最佳的锌铝比和煅烧温度分别为2.0和300℃.在反应过程中,载体及其煅烧产物具有电子导体的功能,可加快光敏剂与氧气之间的电子转移过程,进而引发氯苯酚的降解.此外,该复合催化剂能被重复循环使用,但光敏活性逐渐降低.     

矿冶区重金属污染土壤肥力特征及生态修复潜力分析

通过对湖南长沙、株洲、衡阳和郴州地区典型矿冶区周边64个土壤样品的调查分析,结果表明,与我国《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)III级标准(pH6.5～7.5)比较,典型矿冶区周边土壤中As、Cd、Pb和Zn含量的超标率分别为75.8%、75.8%、66.1%和71.0%,表现为多重金属污染。废弃地土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn含量显著高于菜地和水稻土壤中相应元素含量。典型矿冶区周边土壤整体呈酸性,质地较粘。土壤中有机质、碱解N、速效P、有效K含量范围分别为0.18～143g/kg、14.7～372、7.82～202、0.00～782mg/kg,其平均含量达到II级标准值的样品数分别占总样品数的93.7%、95.4%、100%和89.1%。土壤质地和肥力特征表明,典型矿冶区周边重金属污染土壤基本肥力总体水平较好,可以顺利开展其生态修复。     

Heavy metal sequential extraction methods--a modification for tropical soils

Sequential extractions of metals can be useful to study metal distributions in various soil fractions. Although several sequential extraction procedures have been suggested in the literature, most were developed for temperate soils and may not be suitable for tropical soils with high contents of Mn and Fe oxides. The objective of this study was to develop a sequential fractionation procedure for Cu and Zn in tropical soils. Extractions were performed on surface (0–20 cm) samples of ten representative soils of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Chemically reactive Mn forms were satisfactorily assessed by the new modified procedure. Amorphous and crystalline Fe oxides were more selectively extracted in a new two-step extraction. Soil-born Zn and Cu were primarily associated with recalcitrant soil fractions. The proposed procedure provided more detailed information on metal distribution in tropical soils and better characterization of the various components of the soil matrix. The new procedure is expected to be an important tool for predicting the potential effects of environmental changes and land application of metals on the redistribution of chemical forms of metals in tropical soils.     

分光光度法测定水中硝基苯类化合物检出限的优化

对测定水中硝基苯类化合物的锌还原-盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法进行优化,简化了操作步骤,并将参加显色反应的水样体积由4.0 mL增加至8.0 mL,比色皿厚度由10 mm增加至20 mm,方法推荐检出限由0.20 mg/L降至0.05 mg/L,实验室检出限为0.042 mg/L,改进后的方法对标准样品的测定结果符合要求。