基于PMF模型的某铅锌冶炼城市降尘重金属污染评价及来源解析

为探究典型铅锌冶炼城市大气降尘重金属的污染特征和来源解析,于2021年逐月采集河南省某市不同功能区共22个点位511份有效降尘样品,分析了样品中重金属含量和时空分布特征,利用地累积指数法和健康风险评价模型评估降尘重金属污染程度,并采用正定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)定量解析重金属污染源.结果表明,全市降尘中ω(Pb)、ω(Cd)、ω(As)、ω(Cr)、ω(Cu)、ω(Mn)、ω(Ni)和ω(Zn)的平均值为3 185.76、 78.18、 273.67、 149.50、 453.60、 810.37、 54.38和2 397.38 mg·kg^-1,均高于河南省土壤背景值.各重金属除Mn外均具有明显季节变化特征,其中铅锌冶炼工业区降尘中Pb、 Cd、 As和Cu含量显著高于其他功能区;Zn元素在居民混合区含量最高.地累积指数法结果显示Cd和Pb的污染最严重,其次为Zn、 Cu和As,均为严重-偏极度污染.非致癌风险最主要暴露途径是手-口摄食,各功能区以Pb和As对儿童造成的非致癌风险最大;Cr、 As、 Cd和Ni经呼吸途径对人体的致癌风险均低于安全阈值.PMF模型...     

新型催化法烟气脱硫技术在冶炼尾气治理工程中的应用

介绍了一种新型催化法烟气脱硫技术的技术原理和技术特点,它是一种低温催化氧化技术,能将SO2转化为可直接利用或用于生产其他产品的硫酸,不产生二次污染并具有一定经济效益。该技术目前在硫酸行业和冶炼行业已有一定的推广和应用,针对冶炼尾气的特点,分析该技术在尾气治理工程中的设计要点、运行情况和改进措施等。     

湖南采矿区和冶炼区水稻土重金属污染及其潜在风险评价

对湖南省9个县市采矿区和冶炼区附近的水稻土中重金属Cd、As、Cu、Zn和Pb进行了调查和分析.结果表明,采矿区和冶炼区周围的水稻土中重金属Cd、As、Cu、Zn和Pb的含量呈对数正态分布.单因子污染指数法评价表明,在所调查的区域中,有6个县市矿区和冶炼区附近的水稻土受到Cd的严重污染,其它地区的水稻土分别受到Cd、As、Cu、Zn和Pb不同程度的污染,其中衡阳常宁市水口山铅锌矿区和株洲清水塘冶炼区附近的水稻土受到重金属的严重污染.潜在风险评价表明,采矿区和冶炼区周围的水稻土中Cd潜在风险参数最高,其次是Pb和As.衡阳常宁水口山铅锌矿、株洲清水塘冶炼区、娄底冷水江锡矿和湘潭锰矿附近的水稻土中重金属的潜在生态风险参数很高,具有很高潜在风险程度;永州道县冶炼区水稻土中重金属的潜在生态风险程度为较高程度;郴州柿竹园铅锌矿.常德石门雄磺矿、益阳赫山区金矿区和岳阳临湘铅锌矿区附近的水稻土的重金属潜在生态风险为中等程度.     

红霉素发酵菌湿渣烧制氧化锌烧渣研究

红霉素发酵菌湿渣中约含2．5％的锌,经直接烘干后灼烧实验表明,可获得ZnO含量高达87．15％的氧化锌烧渣。烧渣中铅铜镉铁含量远低于同位品的锌焙砂,是生产高纯氧化锌的最佳原料,有较高的经济价值。     

生物浸提对有色冶炼废渣中重金属形态的影响

本研究针对某冶炼厂的有色冶炼废渣,利用生物浸出技术浸提废渣中的有价金属,考察浸出前后各重金属形态变化,实验结果表明:浸出后余渣中Cd、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn等有害元素含量显著降低,浸出过程重金属的酸可提取态相对含量逐渐降低,残渣态相对含量逐渐提高。     

NaOH/Na2CO3共解聚铜冶炼渣及砷铅去除研究

铜冶炼渣中砷、铅的经济有效去除是其无害化的关键,而去除效果受限于铁橄榄石结构的影响.本研究提出了一种通过NaOH/Na₂CO₃碱共解聚耦合酸浸去除铜冶炼渣中砷、铅的环境友好策略,系统优化了影响碱共解聚过程及酸浸过程金属浸出效果的工艺参数,评估了处理后残渣的环境风险,同时通过多项表征手段研究了NaOH/Na₂CO₃对铜冶炼渣的共解聚机制.结果表明,在碱共解聚最佳条件下,砷浸出率为62.66%,铅几乎没有浸出;在酸浸过程中33.57%的砷和96.55%的铅被进一步浸出;最终,砷、铅的总浸出率分别达到96.23%和96.55%.处理后铜冶炼渣中砷和铅的含量分别从1002.5 mg·kg^-1和5343.1 mg·kg^-1大幅降低到112.1 mg·kg^-1和170.2 mg·kg^-1,同时,处理后残渣的浸出毒性低于标准限值.XRD、SEM-EDS mapping、FTIR表征结果表明,铜冶炼渣的铁橄榄石相被分解,并暴露出...     

Leaching of elements from flue dust produced in copper scrap smelting process

To understand the features and leaching characteristics of copper (Cu) scrap smelting dust and its potential risk to environment and humans, three types of smelting dust were sampled and investigated. The dust samples were collected from the dust captured by cyclone collector, panel cooler, and bag house in a typical Cu scrap smelting process of a factory in Guangxi of China. Zinc (Zn), Cu and lead (Pb) were the main elements of the samples of cyclone collector dust (CCD), panel cooler dust (PCD), and bag house dust (BHD). There were less arsenic (As), Pb and Cu in CCD than PCD and BHD, and PCD contained more manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) than BHD. The particle shapes of BHD appeared more regular than CCD and PCD, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis illustrated the compositions of selected surface areas of three samples. The size of particles ranged from 0.011 to 33.11 μm in CCD, from less than 1 μm to several mm in PCD, and from 0.832 to 363.078 μm in BHD. The main elements in leachate were Zn and Mn from CCD, Zn, cadmium (Cd) and Pb from PCD, Zn, Mn and Cd from BHD. The leaching toxicity risk of Cd, Mn, and Zn of PCD and BHD was higher than CCD.     

Marine Organisms as Indicators of Heavy Metal Pollution-Experience from 16 Years of Monitoring at a Lead Zinc Mine in Greenland

In monitoring the impact of a lead-zinc mine in Greenland, species of fish, prawns, seaweed and mussels have been analysed for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for several years. These metals have been released to the marine environment in significant amounts from the mining operation.     

金属冶炼企业大气污染的安全评价

随着我国现代工业的发展,金属冶炼过程中产生的SO2烟气及重金属尘毒对环境的污染越来越严重。针对湖南水口山矿务局主要金属冶炼企业的大气污染进行了调查、统计、分析和安全评价。评价结果表明：造成大气污染的危险源主要是冶炼企业所排放废气中含有大量的SO2烟气及重金属尘毒。在查明了污染源和危害的基础上,提出了科学治污的措施与方法。     

Washing out heavy metals from contaminated soils from an iron and steel smelting site

Washing is a promising method for separating contaminants bound to the particles of soil ex-situ by chemical mobilization. Laboratory batch washing experiments were conducted using deionized water and varying concentrations of oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) to assess the efficiency of using these chemicals as washing agents and to clean up heavy metals from two heavily polluted soils from an iron and streel smelting site. The toxicity reduction index and remediation costs were analyzed, and the results showed that the soils were polluted with Cd, Pb and Zn. Hydrochloric acid and EDTA were more efficient than the other washing agents in the remediation of the test soils. The maximum total toxicity reduction index showed that 0.5 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid could achieve the remediation with the lowest costs.