膨润土负载纳米铁/镍还原阿莫西林的环境影响因素研究

采用液相还原法制备膨润土负载纳米铁/镍(Bent-Fe/Ni)用于还原阿莫西林,研究了不同浓度的阴离子(SO2-4、HCO-3)和阳离子(Ca2+、Cu2+)对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林的影响.结果表明,SO2-4、HCO-3浓度对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林的影响较大,当其浓度分别为0和500mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%和21.5%(SO2-4),以及93.7%和5.8%(HCO-3);Ca2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到抑制作用,当其浓度为0和500 mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%和77.8%;低浓度的Cu2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到促进作用,而高浓度的Cu2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到抑制作用,当其浓度为0、10和100 mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%、94.8%和86.7%.     

Engineering of responsive polymer based nano-reactors for facile mass transport and enhanced catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

Silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 ± 3 nm were synthesized within the sieves of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-acrylic acid)(p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc))polymer microgels. Free radial emulsion polymerization was employed for synthesis of p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) polymer microgels. Silver nanoparticles were introduced within the microgels sphere by in situ reduction method. Microgels and hybrid microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Catalytic activity of Ag-p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) hybrid microgels was studied using catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP) as a model reaction in aqueous media. The influence of sodium borohydride(Na BH4) concentration, catalyst dose and 4-NP concentration on catalytic reduction of 4-NP was investigated. A linear relationship was found between catalyst dose and apparent rate constant(kapp). The mechanism of catalysis by hybrid microgels was explored for further development in this area. The deep analysis of catalytic process reveals that the unique combination of NIPAAm, HEMA and AAc does not only stabilize silver nanoparticles in polymer network but it also enhances the mass transport of hydrophilic substrate like 4-NP from outside to inside the polymer network.     

ZnO纳米材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用有机液相合成法合成ZnO纳米材料,分析了制备ZnO纳米材料的机理,研究了配比、煅烧、煅烧温度等因素对制备的ZnO纳米材料光催化降解染料废水的影响。通过TEM,XRD,XPS等手段对其成分、形貌及晶体结构进行表征。实验结果显示,制备的ZnO纳米材料煅烧前粒径为5.9 nm,煅烧后粒径为37.1 nm,煅烧可以提高其光催化性能,最佳原料配比为5∶1,最佳煅烧温度为500℃。     

淀粉稳定Fe3O4纳米粒子对水中As(V)的吸附特性研究

以可溶性淀粉作为稳定剂制备纳米Fe_3O_4粒子,探讨了反应时间、p H值、初始砷浓度和腐殖酸对Fe_3O_4纳米粒子吸附水体中As(V)的吸附效果影响.实验结果表明,淀粉稳定的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子对水体中As(V)的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型;吸附容量随着溶液p H的增加逐渐降低,在p H为8.0的弱碱性水体中对As(V)的最大吸附容量可达202.56 mg·g~(-1);此外,腐殖酸(HA)能降低纳米粒子对As(V)的吸附能力.     

改性磁性纳米颗粒固定内生菌Bacillus nealsonii吸附废水中Cd2+的特性研究

从重金属超累积植物龙葵体内提取内生菌Bacillus nealsonii,采用二氧化硅改性纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒与海藻酸钠将其包埋交联进行固定化,制得一种新型球状生物吸附剂,并应用于废水中Cd~(2+)的吸附处理.同时,通过正交实验研究了该球状生物吸附剂的最佳制备条件和吸附处理条件,并采用扫描电镜等表征手段与构建吸附动力学考察了其吸附特征.结果表明,球状生物吸附剂的最佳制备条件为:改性纳米Fe3O4颗粒质量分数为0.1%,海藻酸钠质量分数为8.0%,菌液接种量为0.4%,交联时间为2 h;其最佳吸附处理条件为p H=6、吸附时间12 h、吸附剂用量(干重)2.5 g·L-1,在Cd~(2+)初始浓度为50 mg·L-1时的吸附率可达96%以上.研究发现,球状生物吸附剂的内外部结构孔隙率较大,有利于促进Cd~(2+)的吸附.该吸附过程遵循准二级反应动力学,以化学吸附为主,符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,最大单分子吸附量可达13.02 mg·g-1.解吸实验结果表明,该吸附剂具有较好的可重复利用性.     

基于非对称流场流分离技术的纳米银分离监测方法

以纳米银(AgNPs)作为典型的纳米颗粒物,利用非对称流场流分离技术构建纳米颗粒物的分离监测方法。制备了柠檬酸盐稳定的AgNPs分散液,采用透射电镜、紫外可见分光光度计、Zeta电位分析仪对AgNPs分散液进行了表征。结果表明,AgNPs半径多数小于10 nm,最大吸收波长为400 nm,Zeta电位为-42.56 m V。采用非对称流场流分离仪对AgNPs进行粒径分离,得到UV-Vis信号谱图,并收集得到半径小于10 nm、10~30 nm、30~50 nm、50~70 nm、70~100nm范围的AgNPs颗粒,结合电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定每个粒径范围内AgNPs的质量浓度。结果表明,该方法重现性良好,AgNPs在半径小于10 nm的范围内达到了UV-Vis吸收峰值,响应信号最高为0.022 5~0.027 5 V,表明半径小于10 nm的AgNPs浓度较高。半径小于10 nm、10~30 nm、30~50 nm、50~70 nm、70~100 nm范围内AgNPs的质量浓度分别为(1 021.86±61.74)μg/L、(323.23±45.83)μg/L、(72.90±32.14)μg/L、(44.64±9.28)μg/L、(39.12±5.04)μg/L,回收率为43.96%±0.84%。     

Assessment of the physico-chemical behavior of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in aquatic environments using multi-dimensional parameter testing

Assessment of the behavior and fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in natural aquatic media is crucial for the identification of environmentally critical properties of the ENPs. Here we present a methodology for testing the dispersion stability, ζ-potential and particle size of engineered nanoparticles as a function of pH and water composition. The results obtained from already widely used titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Evonik P25 and Hombikat UV-100) serve as a proof-of-concept for the proposed testing scheme. In most cases the behavior of the particles in the tested settings follows the expectations derived from classical DLVO theory for metal oxide particles with variable charge and an isoelectric point at around pH 5, but deviations also occur. Regardless of a 5-fold difference in BET specific surface area particles composed of the same core material behave in an overall comparable manner. The presented methodology can act as a basis for the development of standardised methods for comparing the behavior of different nanoparticles within aquatic systems.     

The interaction mechanisms of co-existing polybrominated diphenyl ethers and engineered nanoparticles in environmental waters:A critical review

This review focuses on the occurrence and interactions of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)and brominated flame retardants(BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in water systems and the generation of highly complex compounds in the environment.The release of ENPs and BFRs(e.g. PBDEs) to aquatic environments during their usage and disposal are summarised together with their key interaction mechanisms. The major interaction mechanisms including electrostatic, van der Waals, hydrophobic, ...     

纳米颗粒的危害及在水体中的去除研究进展

纳米颗粒具有独特的物理化学性质且种类较多,广泛应用于多个领域.在使用的同时,纳米颗粒不可避免地通过各种途径进入水环境中,进而对生物及人类造成危害.针对近来出现的纳米颗粒,介绍了其对环境的影响及在水体中的主要去除方法,并展望了水环境中纳米颗粒的研究方向.