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91.
水体中的有机质、无机盐及酸碱度是影响纳米材料迁移转化的主要因素.考察了Na~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Sr~(2+)和Ba~(2+)对Fe_3O_4磁性纳米材料(Magnetic Nanoparticles,MNPs)的沉降作用.结果表明,Fe_3O_4MNPs的沉降作用是水体pH、金属离子化合价、离子强度共同影响的结果.整体上,碱土金属离子较Na~+更能加速Fe_3O_4MNPs的沉降.当pH为5.0时,浓度低于1.0 mmol·L~(-1)的Na~+、Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)有助于Fe_3O_4MNPs的悬浮;当浓度大于1.0 mmol·L~(-1)时,较强的离子强度促使Fe_3O_4MNPs团聚,发生沉降.当pH为9.0时,碱土金属离子较Na~+更能促使Fe_3O_4MNPs聚沉.因此,纳米颗粒在水体中的扩散和聚沉需要综合考虑金属离子种类和浓度. 相似文献
92.
In this study, a photocatalytic material consisting of ZnO and yttrium-doped ZnO (YZO) nanoparticles was obtained via a facile precipitation conducted under ambient pressure whereby crystalline ZnO was successfully doped with yttrium. YZO had a hexagonal wurtzite polycrystalline structure with smaller crystal and grain sizes than ZnO, which in turn meant larger specific surface area and pore volume. Chemical defects were also produced, which facilitated photocatalytic activity, because such defects can act as reaction centers. The optical band gap magnitude and the diamagnetic nature of YZO were also determined. The structural, crystalline, and chemical defects of YZO synergistically enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of carbaryl; indeed, the kinetic rate constant of this reaction catalyzed by YZO was 11.17 × 10−2 min−1 under natural sunlight irradiation, higher than the value measured for ZnO (8.68 × 10−2 min−1). Evidence thus indicates that yttrium-doping effectively modified some properties of ZnO nanoparticles so that YZO nanoparticles proved a suitable photocatalytic material for carbaryl degradation. 相似文献
93.
TiO2/ZnO光催化降解四环素的研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
以太阳光、汞灯为光源,TiO2/ZnO复合半导体为催化剂处理四环素溶液,探讨了催化剂的配比、溶液体积、光照时间、pH、初始浓度、光强等6种因素对光催化活性的影响,比较了汞灯和太阳光作光源时的光催化效果,结果表明,用太阳光作光源时光催化效果也较好。 相似文献
94.
Mojtaba Shakibaie Hamid Forootanfar Elham Jafari Azad Salimi Mohsen Doostmohammadi 《毒物与环境化学》2020,102(7-8):386-398
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of zinc nanoparticles against cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in mice. Zinc nanoparticles were produced by microwave-assisted synthesis using Lavandula vera extract as reducing agent. Single doses of cisplatin (7?mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and ZnSO4 (10?mg/kg, orally), and various doses of zinc nanoparticles (10???50?mg/kg, orally) and vitamin E (100?mg/kg, interaperitoneally) were administered. The protective role of zinc nanoparticles was determined biochemically and histologically. Gradual reduction in malondialdehyde levels and elevation in glutathione levels and in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase upon administration of zinc nanoparticles were observed. The pathology of mice treated with cisplatin/vitamin E and cisplatin/zinc nanoparticles were apparently equal, but vitamin E treatment was more effective in lowering oxidative stress markers than zinc nanoparticles. These findings suggest that co-administration of zinc nanoparticles with cisplatin could prevent adverse effects on the male reproductive system via their potential antioxidant properties. 相似文献
95.
96.
Hongjun Chen Chunhu Yu Zeyang Xue Pengxiang Wang Zi Wang Qianmin Cong 《毒物与环境化学》2020,102(7-8):356-385
Abstract Lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates with the thickness of 50–150?nm and tetragonal bismuth oxide, monoclinic lithium bismuthate phases have been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process using lithium acetate and sodium bismuthate as the raw materials. Cobalt nanoparticles modified lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates hybrids were obtained by an in situ photo-deposition route. The cobalt nanoparticles-modified nanoplates hybrids display significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity toward gentian violet compared with the nanoplates. Gentian violet solution can be totally degraded by the hybrids within 60?min under ultraviolet–visible light irradiation. The superior photocatalytic activity of the cobalt nanoparticles modified nanoplates hybrids originates from the superior charge transfer capacity and the energy band structure of the hybrids. The excellent photocatalytic performance makes the cobalt nanoparticles modified nanoplates hybrids a promising candidate as the photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. 相似文献
97.
掺入金属离子的TiO2纳米粒子光催化降解吖啶橙 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备了 Fe3+和 Cr3+不同掺入量的 TiO2半导体纳米粒子研究了这些纳米粒子对吖啶橙光催化氧化降解的影响.结果表明,微量 Fe3+和 Cr3+的掺入可明显提高 TiO2的光催化活性.进一步研究表明,在 Fe3+-TiO2体系中,最佳掺入量为 0.1%,而且中性介质和自然光有利于光催化氧化反应的进行,反应3h后降解率可达97.75%.在Cr3+-TiO2体系中,弱碱性介质和自然光有利于光催化氧化反应,最佳掺入量为0.05%,降解率可达87.54%. 相似文献
98.
通过相转化法制备了纳米PVDF/Mg(OH)_2共混超滤膜,研究了负载Mg(OH)_2对PVDF膜结构和性能的影响。以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模拟污染物进行超滤试验,测试膜的纯水通量和截留率;测定膜表面和水之间的接触角,进而定量分析比较膜表面的亲水性;利用微机电子控制万能试验机测试膜的机械性能;通过扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等方法表征膜表面特征。结果表明,添加纳米Mg(OH)_2的改性膜保持了原有膜的晶型结构,证明纳米Mg(OH)_2与PVDF材料有很好的相容效果。当纳米Mg(OH)_2添加量为0.8%(质量分数)时,改性效果达到最优。此时,接触角从73.1°降至59.6°,纯水通量为333.37 L/(m~2·h),较未改性前提高了126.3%,膜的拉伸最大力为6.8 N,断裂伸长率为16.2%,较未改性膜的机械性能有明显提高,膜的抗污染性也显著提高。 相似文献
99.
100.
The effects of biosolids,ZnO,and ZnO/biosolids on soil microorganism and the environmental fate of coexisting racemic–quizalofop–ethyl(rac-QE) were investigated.Microbial biomass carbon in native soil,soil/biosolids decreased by 62% and 52% in the presence of ZnO(2‰,weight ratio).The soil bacterial community structure differed significantly among native soil,soil/biosolids,soil/ZnO,and soil/biosolids/ZnO based on a principal co-ordinate analysis(PCo A) of OTUs and one-way ANOVA test of bacterial genera.Chemical transformation caused by ZnO only contributed 4% and 3% of the overall transformation of R-quizalofop-ethyl(R-QE) and S-quizalofop-ethyl(S-QE) in soil/ZnO.The inhibition effect of ZnO on the initial transformation rate of R-QE(rR-QE) and S-QE(rR-QE) in soil only observed when enantiomer concentration was larger than 10 mg/kg.Biosolids embedded with ZnO(biosolids/ZnO) caused a 17%–42% and 22%–38% decrease of rR-QEand rS-QE,although rR-QEand rS-QEincreased by 0%–17% and 22%–58% by the addition of biosolids.The results also demonstrated that the effects of biosolids on agricultural soil microorganism and enantioselective transformation of chiral pesticide was altered by the embedded nanoparticles. 相似文献