城市内湖表层沉积物中有机氯农药残留特征及风险评价

中国曾大量生产和使用有机氯农药(OCPs),目前虽已被禁止生产和农业中使用,但含三氯杀螨醇的林丹和滴滴涕(DDTs)仍在非法生产和使用。为了解农业大省江西省城市内湖OCPs的残留情况,以鄱阳湖生态经济区象湖为研究对象,用GC/ECD 分析象湖表层沉积物中8 种OCPs的残留水平,采用ArcGIS空间分析、主成分分析法探讨OCPs 的残留特征、来源及其可能的风险。结果表明,8 种OCPs 在象湖表层沉积物中均有不同程度检出,六六六( ∑ HCHs) 含量为nd~61.89 ng/g, ∑ DDTs含量为nd~81.47 ng/g。含量较高的组分为o,p'-DDT、β-HCH和δ-HCH。象湖表层沉积物中OCPs残留空间分布不均,其中象湖南边湿地花卉公园沉积物中OCPs含量相对较高。同中国其他城市内湖/内河相比,象湖表层沉积物中HCHs和DDTs残留水平偏高,这可能与象湖区域曾经作为南昌市农业发展区有关。来源解析结果表明象湖HCHs和DDTs主要来源于农药的历史使用,但近年来很可能有林丹和三氯杀螨醇的输入。风险评价结果显示目前象湖表层沉积物中DDTs类污染物对人体健康风险总体处于较低水平,但湿地花卉公园周边环境生态风险较高,对周围环境的生物毒性较大。研究结果可为城市内湖的污染控制及风险管理提供科学依据。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区资源型产业绿色发展制约因素及对策研究

鄱阳湖生态经济区作为国家的战略发展区域，应该具有超前思维，大力发展绿色产业，而资源型产业容易造成外部不经济，因此更需要健康、绿色发展。本文利用 AHP 方法对环鄱区资源型产业绿色发展的制约因素进行分层排序，得到如下结论：技术因素和生态因素是主要制约因素；制约因素排名前5位的分别是：空气质量、政府及社会第三方的技术监督、水资源质量、外部不经济补救成本、绿色检测技术的推广与应用。     

森林地表火行为估算的数学模型

本文在大量室内林火室验的基础上，通过参考ＢＥＨＡＶＥ程序中的数学模型，提出了一整套估算地表火火行为特征量的表达式。为保证求解火蔓延速度的更合理性和具有较高的精度，将风速和坡度对火蔓延速度的影响，采用了矢量叠加的方法进行修正。在假设火场为椭圆面来估算火场状况时，不但考虑了风速对火场形状的影响，还引入折合风达的概念，通过将坡度对火场的作用折合成相应的风速值来修正坡度的影响，与大兴安岭野外试验的结果对比表明，本数学模型定量合理。     

区域模拟与巷道火灾一维烟流流动模拟耦合方法初探

针对目前网络模拟中对巷道火灾火源区域描述过于简单的问题 ,笔者提出了区域模拟与网络模拟相结合的方法 ,在理论上分析了二者耦合的可行性 ,并重点对火源部分的温度模拟结合进行了分析 ,从而为提高巷道火灾网络模拟的准确性和进一步完善巷道火灾计算机模拟提出了一种新思路。     

珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展中的水环境问题

对珠江三角洲经济区水环境现状和污染源进行了分析，指出生活污染是当前最大的污染源。首次提出了用于宏观评价水资源承载力和水环境可持续性的“水资源质量损失系数”、“水资源质量修复系数”和“水资源质量损失量”的概念及计算方法，据此预算了2002、2010和2020年珠江三角注经济区水资源净损失量分别达0．95、1．41和1．70亿m^3，相当于该区的73．4、101．4和116．2万人口年生活用水总量。各市现状水环境质量优劣排序是江门、肇庆、惠州、佛山、深圳、珠海、广州、中山和东莞。     

Self-purification capacity and management of Baltic coastal ecosystems

It is expected that the Baltic region becomes a major centre of economic growth and prosperity in Europe already during this decade (Anon. 2000). Therefore, an Agenda 21 for the Baltic region (Baltic 21) was developed to ensure a sustainable development. Especially the coastal ecosystems are subject to increasing anthropogenic pressure e.g. eutrophication, traffic, harbours, tourism or offshore wind parks. Eutrophication remains the main ecological problem in the Baltic Sea and has serious negative social and economical consequences. Inner and outer coastal waters play an important role as buffers and filters for the Baltic proper. Consequently, the utilization and preservation of their self-purification capacity is of great importance. Combined results of our own coastal research and of the international workshop ‘Baltic coastal ecosystems: structure, function and coastal zone management’ (Rostock University, November 2001) are presented here. Conclusions for an improved integrated coastal zone management of Baltic coastal ecosystems will be presented.     

浙东隆起带与西南日本黑濑川构造带地质演化之比较

浙东、闽北陈蔡群和建瓯群所构成的浙东隆起带,东延过东海后,与西南日本黑濑川构造带的寺野、肥后变质岩类连接,属“华夏—日本南方大陆”的北部残留地块,是受控于江山-绍兴-御荷(?)古断裂带而抬升暴露的.     

GOAL-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL WATER QUALITY LEGISLATION1

ABSTRACT: While significant nonpoint source (NIPS) pollution control progress has been made since passage of Section 319 in the 1987 Water Quality Act, existing federal legislation does not provide for the most timely and cost-effective NIPS pollution reduction. In this paper, we use findings from the Rural Clean Water Program and other nationwide agricultural NIPS pollution control programs, building on legislative history to recommend a coordinated and efficient direction for agricultural water quality legislation. A collaborative framework should be established to accomplish the goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA), Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA), and the Conservation Title of the Farm Bill. Valuable elements of the 1990 CZMA amendments that created a coastal NIPS program should be subsumed into the CWA. The CWA should reemphasize use of receiving water quality criteria and standards and should allow states flexibility to tailor basin-scale NPS program implementation to local needs. Implementation should involve targeting of NIPS pollution control efforts to critical land treatment areas and use of systems of best management practices to address these targeted water quality problems. The 1995 Farm Bill should reorient production incentives toward water quality to support the collaborative framework, implementing ecologically sound source reduction principles. The Farm Bill and the CWA should contain interrelated provisions for voluntary, incentive-assisted producer participation and fallback regulatory measures. Such coordinated national water quality and Farm Bill legislation that recognizes the need for flexibility in state implementation is supported as the most rational and cost-effective means of attaining water quality goals.     

用农业生态平衡观点论基本农田保护工作

人口膨胀、耕地减少是人类21世纪面临的两大难题。建立基本农田保护区是缓解人、地矛盾和满足“一要吃饭,二要建设”方针的重要途径。笔者根据常熟市开展建区工作的实践,提出了运用农业生态平衡观点和方法,从农田-食物-人口这一基本环节入手,研究开展建区工作。认为建区工作是基本农田保护工作的必要手段,也是一个通过人们智慧和劳动可以支配、调控的人工生态系统工程。文章着重提出了在建区工作中应遵循的七大特性与相关原则,以及农田保护的八不准措施和实施保护后的三大效益。     

Vegetation changes along the United States east coast following the great storm of march 1962

Regional-scale vegetation changes on Assateague Island following overwash from the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962 were investigated using historical aerial photography. Grasses and dunes were more abundant in 1974 in areas that were overwashed, whereas areas that were not overwashed have been more extensively colonized by shrubs. The increase in shrubs on Assateague Island is attributed to the absence of a subsequent storm overwash.