环境规划中植物的景观功能及其应用

本文在探讨植物的景观特点及其建造功能和观赏功能等基础上，提出了环境规划中景观规划的基本原则。结合岳阳市南湖旅游度假区的实际情况，应用景观规划的基本原则，研究了该旅游度假区的面上绿化规划和景区景点绿化规划。     

Morphological and chemical characteristics of atmospheric particles in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley (Mexico)

Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy has been used for both morphological and elemental chemistry analyses of atmospheric particles. This technique allows the in situ observation of individual aerosol particles in the sample chamber. Aerotransported particles were analysed from seven monitoring stations located in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley (MZTV). Several different morphologies were identified: aggregates, porous spheres, rough and smooth compact material. The elemental composition included C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Mn, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Ce. These are semiquantitative analyses considering the bulk sample or individual particles. It was possible to correlate or confirm some chemical associations such as C–S, Ca–S–O and Si–Al–O, probably due to the presence of compounds derived from incomplete combustion, building tailing materials and aluminosilicates of cortical origin. Bioaerosols such as pollen, spores, brochosomes and diatoms were identified in the zone; all these types of particles have a natural origin too. Several types of suspended particles were identified in the MZTV, they were from different sources (natural and anthropogenic) to which the population can be potentially exposed, and may cause harm in the short- and long-term, according to their chemical element composition and size.     

我国城市地上地下土地权利的设立——以中关村西区为例

土地立体利用已经成为城市空间扩展的新模式,文章采用事先调查和理论研究相结合的方法,首先对国内土地立体利用的典型范例——中关村科技园西区地上地下空间的利用情况进行了描述和总结,之后对目前园区内的地上地下土地权利设立"无章可循"的现状进行了深入分析。从问题的表象入手,总结出环环相扣的原因,进一步说明产生问题的实质是我国地上地下权利设立制度中权利体系、权利的取得、地籍管理以及登记制度4个环节所存在的缺陷。最后,针对各环节中的缺陷提出了相应的政策建议,包括:创设区分建设用地使用权,建立城市地上地下土地权利体系;空间利用各环节增加权属分配工作;制定空间范围地籍测量标准;完善已有的登记制度,做好新旧规定的衔接。以上措施有利于促进我国地上地下土地权利制度的完善,加快对土地资源的高效利用。     

基于水环境容量的开发区水污染控制对策研究——以镇江新区为例

随着镇江新区的快速城市化,环境压力指数化增长,环境保护面临着巨大的挑战。为了实现镇江新区的经济发展和环境保护双赢,以及区域的可持续性发展,本文深入分析城市化过程带来的一系列生态环境问题,系统评价快速城市化过程中水污染因子排放与长江流域水环境质量的关系,结合区域水环境特点,基于科学的水环境容量计算,修正区域用地总体规划和产业布局,为合理分配和长期有效地利用水环境容量资源和区域可持续发展提供理论支撑和对策。     

探求提升环境执法效能的方法——以鄱阳湖生态经济区为例

2009年底,鄱阳湖生态经济区正式成为为国家战略,区域内各地都在不断探索生态与经济协调发展的新路,良好的生态环境对气候调节和生物多样性保护起着重要作用,也对当地经济的可持续发展起到了促进作用。但是由于环境执法过程中的一些问题的存在,如:相关环境立法的不完善,环保部门执法权力有限,企业违规成本低、守法执法成本高,公众环保意识淡薄等,致使鄱阳湖生态经济区内破坏环境的事件频频发生。为提高执法能效,应当完善环境立法,将环保指标纳入地方考核体系,通过立法以提高违规企业的违法成本,建立多部门联合治理机制,加大环境保护的宣传力度。     

基于GIS的关中-天水经济区物质积累基础评价

一个地区发展的结果往往直接体现在物质财富的生产和积累上。因此可以从资源角度出发,以资源转化为视角,以区域物质财富为着眼点来反映区域发展进程。论文从基础设施水平、交通通达度、经济发展水平三方面,构建物质积累指数模型;运用GIS技术和数理统计方法,以2006、2007、2008三年数据为例,计算关中-天水经济区分县(区)物质积累指数,系统评价经济区物质积累水平。结果表明:①除个别县(区)外,关中-天水经济区各县(区)的物质积累指数呈现出逐年增加的趋势,但增幅都不大,只有7个县(区)的增长幅度超过了4%,增长最快的并不是各市辖区,而是物质积累指数处于中等水平的部分县(区);②经济区物质积累指数中心3 a均位于咸阳市礼泉县境内,位置变化不大;③关中地区的物质积累指数普遍高于商洛及天水地区,并且呈现出东西方向的狭长走势。     

成渝经济区主要河流沉积物重金属赋存形态及生态风险评估

以成渝经济区主要水系水体沉积物为研究对象,利用Eri（单一金属潜在生态风险因子）和RI（多金属潜在风险指数）等定量诊断工具分析沉积物中的重金属的潜在生态风险,为成渝经济区战略环评提供数据支撑。根据风险指标评价结果和重金属空间分布规律,将区域水系分为3种生态风险功能区。结合沉积物中重金属赋存形态,得出区域Cd的生态风险较...     

Using consequence – based hazard zone assessment for effective evacuation planning of vulnerable settlements along hazmat transport corridors through industrial city of Surat in western India

Following a toxic hazmat release, decisions need to be made vis-a-vis a safe evacuation distance for population along the transportation route, or whether to shelter-in-place if there is insufficient time to conduct an evacuation. The first responder may have to take these decisions through a quick estimation of the Initial Isolation Zone (IIZ) and protective action distances based on assumed rate of releases. Real-time evacuation planning models could be used for effective evacuation purposes. However, factors that usually were taken into account include weather conditions, population density, time of day, and uncertainty about the chemicals involved and/or the accumulating concentrations in public areas. Emergency planning including evacuation in India is generally in line with UNEP's APELL (Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level) methodology. However, quantitative risk based assessment is catching up particularly in large industrial zones. The paper highlights a case study of the evaluation of identified seven critical evacuation planning zones along three highway study routes in and around the industrial city of Surat in western India. The elapsed time after a release is estimated through ALOHA and evacuation travel time estimates are made for each zone. For identified scenarios, evacuation of IIZ, generally comprising of road side population, is effectively possible in six out of seven identified emergency planning zones except in zone-7, where certain people would still be exposed, as full evacuation may not be achieved. However, shelter-in-place would be advisable for population residing in permanent settlements within the protective action zone.     

Evaluation of carrying capacity of city clusters in China with the example of the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula

The conflict between city development and urban carrying capacity is getting ever prominent. In order to study and predict the restriction factors and prominent problems in the development of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone as well as promote the transfer of economic development pattern in this region, this study starts from four single factor carrying capacity indicators of water, earth, transportation and environment in the city and its comprehensive carrying capacity indicator, evaluates and analyzes its carrying capacity and then papooses policy suggestions for improving its carrying capacity.     

长江中游城市群区域一体化的测度与比较

实现长江中游城市集群区域一体化,既能承接东部地区产业转移,也能够向西部传递发展势能,缩小西部与中东部的差距。参照了世界银行从密度、距离与分割3个维度对区域一体化的界定,构建了区域一体化评价体系;采用2000～2010年数据,并结合层次分析法对长江中游城市集群内部区域一体化进行测度与比较分析。研究显示：（1）长株潭城市圈区域一体化水平最高,武汉城市圈次之,环鄱阳湖生态经济区最低,但三大城市群一体化水平都呈现逐渐增长趋势;（2）三大城市群在市场一体化、行政一体化及社会一体化变化水平差异明显但总体差距逐渐缩小;（3）武汉城市圈在“两型”社会建设推动下一体化水平稳步提升,长株潭城市群一体化水平进程最快,环鄱阳湖生态经济区后发优势明显。在此基础上,提出了构建长江中游城市集群经济发展联动机制的政策建议