成渝经济区主要河流沉积物重金属赋存形态及生态风险评估

以成渝经济区主要水系水体沉积物为研究对象,利用Eri（单一金属潜在生态风险因子）和RI（多金属潜在风险指数）等定量诊断工具分析沉积物中的重金属的潜在生态风险,为成渝经济区战略环评提供数据支撑。根据风险指标评价结果和重金属空间分布规律,将区域水系分为3种生态风险功能区。结合沉积物中重金属赋存形态,得出区域Cd的生态风险较...     

Using consequence – based hazard zone assessment for effective evacuation planning of vulnerable settlements along hazmat transport corridors through industrial city of Surat in western India

Following a toxic hazmat release, decisions need to be made vis-a-vis a safe evacuation distance for population along the transportation route, or whether to shelter-in-place if there is insufficient time to conduct an evacuation. The first responder may have to take these decisions through a quick estimation of the Initial Isolation Zone (IIZ) and protective action distances based on assumed rate of releases. Real-time evacuation planning models could be used for effective evacuation purposes. However, factors that usually were taken into account include weather conditions, population density, time of day, and uncertainty about the chemicals involved and/or the accumulating concentrations in public areas. Emergency planning including evacuation in India is generally in line with UNEP's APELL (Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level) methodology. However, quantitative risk based assessment is catching up particularly in large industrial zones. The paper highlights a case study of the evaluation of identified seven critical evacuation planning zones along three highway study routes in and around the industrial city of Surat in western India. The elapsed time after a release is estimated through ALOHA and evacuation travel time estimates are made for each zone. For identified scenarios, evacuation of IIZ, generally comprising of road side population, is effectively possible in six out of seven identified emergency planning zones except in zone-7, where certain people would still be exposed, as full evacuation may not be achieved. However, shelter-in-place would be advisable for population residing in permanent settlements within the protective action zone.     

Evaluation of carrying capacity of city clusters in China with the example of the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula

The conflict between city development and urban carrying capacity is getting ever prominent. In order to study and predict the restriction factors and prominent problems in the development of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone as well as promote the transfer of economic development pattern in this region, this study starts from four single factor carrying capacity indicators of water, earth, transportation and environment in the city and its comprehensive carrying capacity indicator, evaluates and analyzes its carrying capacity and then papooses policy suggestions for improving its carrying capacity.     

长江中游城市群区域一体化的测度与比较

实现长江中游城市集群区域一体化,既能承接东部地区产业转移,也能够向西部传递发展势能,缩小西部与中东部的差距。参照了世界银行从密度、距离与分割3个维度对区域一体化的界定,构建了区域一体化评价体系;采用2000～2010年数据,并结合层次分析法对长江中游城市集群内部区域一体化进行测度与比较分析。研究显示：（1）长株潭城市圈区域一体化水平最高,武汉城市圈次之,环鄱阳湖生态经济区最低,但三大城市群一体化水平都呈现逐渐增长趋势;（2）三大城市群在市场一体化、行政一体化及社会一体化变化水平差异明显但总体差距逐渐缩小;（3）武汉城市圈在“两型”社会建设推动下一体化水平稳步提升,长株潭城市群一体化水平进程最快,环鄱阳湖生态经济区后发优势明显。在此基础上,提出了构建长江中游城市集群经济发展联动机制的政策建议     

An evaluation of risk assessment framework for industrial accidents in India

Due to rapid industrialization, with high population density and constraints of land, it is expected that level of risks arising from the hazardous industries will increase in India in the coming decades. However, 30 years after the Bhopal accident (1984), except a few discrete regulations, there is as yet no integrated system for assessing and managing risks arising out of these hazardous industries in India. The gravity of aspects related to the management of industrial risk still remains crucially important. In particular, there is no standard guideline on risk analysis methodology, acceptability or tolerability criteria, nor is there an accident database or a risk reduction strategy for the areas where risk levels are already high. On top of this, there are technical and legislative gaps in the institutional framework to implement any of the above mentioned issues. With the backdrop of the Bhopal gas tragedy, the objective of this paper is therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive risk assessment framework for the emerging economy of India, in order to control and/or to reduce the risk level that exists. In this context, regulations and policies pertaining to industrial risk assessment were reviewed.     

生态承载力水平评价的动态模型及其应用——以洞庭湖生态经济区为例

生态承载力是可持续发展研究的核心.本文基于生态承载力的内涵,从4个方面构建了生态承载力的评价指标体系,并以最大信息熵原理(MIEP)为基础,自组织特征映射神经网络(SOFM)为算法,借助MATLAB数学软件为计算平台,从复杂系统结构演化的角度提出了生态承载力评价模型,并用MIEP模型对洞庭湖生态经济区2008—2012年的生态承载力进行评价,以指导当地生态建设.结果表明,5年间该地区的生态承载力呈总体上升的趋势,其中,2008年和2009年两年生态承载力水平基本一致,2010年呈现较明显的上升,2011年的生态承载力剧烈下降后在2012年呈现大幅回升.ξ值各分量的雷达图揭示出各指标逐年贡献程度的变化,结合准则层面的分析发现,水资源发展状况对该地生态承载力整体水平影响较大.与主成分分析法的比较表明了MIEP模型对生态承载力评价的可行性,同时其能更好地体现生态承载力发展演变的动力学特性,连接权值的获取避免了人为设定的主观性,在评价中有明显优势,且在预测上有一定潜力.     

基于GWR模型的天山北坡经济带PM2.5浓度反演及时空特征分析

构建PM_(2.5)浓度与相关因子的关系模型已成为获取干旱区经济带连续变化PM_(2.5)浓度数据的有效手段之一。本文以天山北坡经济带为研究对象,基于PM_(2.5)浓度监测数据、中分辨率成像光谱仪(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer,MODIS)的气溶胶光学厚度数据(aerosol optical depth,AOD)和气象数据,利用地理加权回归模型(geographically weighted regression,GWR)反演了研究区2018年3～11月PM_(2.5)浓度,进而分析其时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)相比多元回归模型(multiple linear regression,MLR),GWR模型在天山北坡经济带的PM_(2.5)浓度反演效果更优,决定系数R2、平均绝对误差MAE和均方根误差RMSE分别为0.897、4.569μg/m~3和5.627μg/m~3,明显优于MLR模型的0.819、5.825μg/m~3和7.731μg/m~3;(2)天山北坡经济带PM_(2.5)浓度在月尺度上呈"凹字型"变化特征,其中11月最高,达到59.50μg/m~3,3月和10月次之,9月最低,仅为17.92μg/m~3;在季节尺度上表现出秋季(9～11月)春季(3～5月)夏季(6～8月)的变化特征,其中春季呈波动下降趋势,夏季总体维持在较低水平,秋季呈急剧上升趋势;(3)在空间分布上,研究区PM_(2.5)浓度呈现出"东高西低"的特征,峰值出现在乌鲁木齐附近,说明经济带东部地区PM_(2.5)污染相对严重,尤其是乌鲁木齐。     

建设好泛长江经济带

泛长江经济带是由长江经济带衍生出的一个新的"大流域"概念。在我国未来"三纵四横"水网布局的大背景下,泛长江经济带不局限于长江干流,同时还应覆盖由长江源头、干流、支流、人工河渠组成的生态系统的大流域,覆盖范围从原有的9省2市增加至包括青海、西藏、广西、陕西、河南、河北、山东、山西、广东、北京、天津在内的18省4市。泛长江经济带的形成是区域内各省市经济社会生态关联日益强化的客观体现。为保证泛长江经济带经济社会各方面的高效运作协调发展,建议组建"长江经济带科学协同发展领导小组"统筹协调区域内各类规划的制定及重大工程的实施,务实推进泛长江经济带建设。