密封法测定焦化厂废水的COD

介绍了用密封法测定焦化厂废水COD的方法，并与回流法进行了比较。试验结果表明，密封法与回流法有着很好的相关性，准确度高，用密封法测定焦化废水的COD，不仅工艺简单，费用低，而且可进行批量分析，提高工效5倍以上。     

炭素厂生产车间除尘系统设计

通过炭素厂车间除尘工程实例,阐述了在沥青熔化、粉碎、混捏、压型、焙烧工序采用快速沥青熔化技术、分散安装集气罩与集中袋式除尘系统一体化、焙烧炉多管静电除尘系统相结合的污染物控制设计方案。结果表明:该工程能使车间作业场所的所有污染物均达到排放标准。为小型炭素厂防尘除尘工作探索了一条切实可行的途径。     

提高缺氧池脱氮效率的几个重要因素

以焦化废水处理工程为实例,证实了缺氧池在焦化废水脱氨氮的作用,并从理论上及实际应用中进行了探讨,对缺氧池的几个工艺参数进行了筛选确定.     

水解(酸化)-缺氧-好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水的试验研究

用内填ＹＤＴ弹性立体填料的水解（酸化）－缺氧－好氧固定床生物膜系统焦化废水。结果：当进水ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ浓度分别为１０６５ｍｇ／Ｌ和２５３ｍｇ／Ｌ,系统水力停留时间（ＨＲＴ）为３３．５ｈ,混合液回流比为３．６时,出水ＣＯＤ约为１８０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ３－Ｎ为５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除率分别达８３％和９８％。     

焦化厂土壤中多环芳烃分布特征及淋洗粒级分割点确定

土壤粒径分布和污染物在不同粒级土壤中的分布特征是污染土壤淋洗可处理性的重要依据,淋洗粒级分割点则是淋洗工艺的重要参数.根据土壤异位淋洗的技术要求,在焦化厂污染场地进行了采样,测定了土样的粒径分布曲线及不同粒级土壤中美国EPA优控的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的初始浓度,并采用Tween 80和Triton X-100溶液对不同粒级污染土样进行了振荡清洗实验.结果表明,16种PAHs在6个粒级中的总浓度在6.27～40.18 mg/kg范围,呈双峰分布模式,单个PAH污染物的最高浓度大多出现在250～500 μm的颗粒中, 50～75 μm的颗粒中污染物浓度最低;PAHs去除率与其初始浓度及土壤特性有关,初始浓度越低,去除率越高,粗颗粒中由于有机碳含量较高,PAHs去除效率反而低于细颗粒.根据清洗效果并从废物减量化角度出发,确定以50 μm作为土壤淋洗的粒级分割点,这样减容率可以达到82.95％.     

模糊综合评价在焦化废水处理技术中的应用

采集某焦化厂废水处理系统的数据,选取当前常用的3种焦化废水处理技术和该焦化厂现用废水处理技术建立了较为完整的模糊综合评价数学模型,选择技术综合评价的评价因素集,利用判断矩阵分析法确定各评价因素的权重,建立了各定量因素指标的隶属函数,确定了各定性因素指标的模糊评语集,最后以模糊矩阵的合成运算完成模糊综合评价.4种焦化废水处理技术的综合性能优劣次序为:该焦化厂现用废水处理技术>普通活性污泥法>湿式催化氧化法>多相光催化氧化法.     

臭氧/活性炭联合工艺深度处理焦化废水

采用臭氧/活性炭联合工艺对焦化废水A2/O出水进行深度处理。考察了溶液初始pH值、臭氧投加量、活性炭投加量及使用次数、反应时间对焦化废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,活性炭的使用可显著提高臭氧对焦化废水COD的去除率,在溶液初始pH值为10.25、臭氧投加量为7.5 mg/min、活性炭投加量50 g/L、反应时间为30 min条件下,COD去除率达到73.51%。同时,在活性炭重复使用10次时,COD去除率为70.85%,仅降低了2.66%。     

内电解—Fenton氧化—絮凝沉淀预处理焦化废水

采用内电解—Fenton氧化—絮凝沉淀的化学集成技术预处理焦化废水,优化了各工段的运行参数。实验结果表明：在钢铁铁屑与活性炭的体积比为1∶1的条件下,内电解工段的优化参数为进水pH 2.6~3.1、HRT=1.0 h;Fenton氧化工段的优化参数为Fe2+加入量200 mg/L、H2O2加入量1 000 mg/L、进水pH 3.0左右、反应时间1.0 h;絮凝沉淀工段的设定参数为进水pH 9.5~10.0、聚丙烯酰胺加入量1 mg/L、静置沉降0.5 h。在上述工艺条件下,该集成技术对废水的总COD去除率大于55%,处理后的废水BOD5/COD大于0.28,不添加稀释新水即可进入后续生化处理系统。该工艺占地面积小、系统结构简单、易于工业化,废水预处理成本为4~5元/t。     

Atmospheric Monitoring at Abandoned Mercury Mine Sites in Asturias (NW Spain)

Mercury concentrations are usually significant in historic Hg mining districts all over the world, so the atmospheric environment is potentially affected. In Asturias, northern Spain, past mining operations have left a legacy of ruins and Hg-rich wastes, soils and sediments in abandoned sites. Total Hg concentrations in the ambient air of these abandoned mine sites have been investigated to evaluate the impact of the Hg emissions. This paper presents the synthesis of current knowledge about atmospheric Hg contents in the area of the abandoned Hg mining and smelting works at ‘La Peña–El Terronal’ and La Soterraña, located in Mieres and Pola de Lena districts, respectively, both within the Caudal River basin. It was found that average atmospheric Hg concentrations are higher than the background level in the area (0.1 μg Nm^?3), reaching up to 203.7 μg Nm^?3 at 0.2 m above the ground level, close to the old smelting chimney at El Terronal mine site. Data suggest that past Hg mining activities have big influences on the increased Hg concentrations around abandoned sites and that atmospheric transfer is a major pathway for Hg cycling in these environments.     

Identification of Pollution Source of Cadmium in Soil. Application of Material Flow Analysis and A Case Study in Taiwan (11 pp)

Background Since the 1970s, at least 200 hectares (ha) of farmland has been polluted by the heavy metal cadmium (Cd).Consequently, the Cd pollution has led to contaminate the rice production and caused acute social panic. According to the recent investigation results performed by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA), it is indicated that most of the Cd pollution incidents in Taiwan resulted from the wastewater discharge of stearate Cd factories. To prevent the Cd pollution incidents from spreading, the TEPA has either forced these factories to close down or assisted them in improving their production processes since the 1980s. Unfortunately, accidental incidents of Cd pollution still emerge in an endless stream, despite the strict governmental controls placed on these questionable factories. Whether this pollution has resulted from undetected or hidden pollution sources stemming from two decades ago or comes from some new source, will be an outstanding issue. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the pollution sources of Cd in soil in Taiwan as well as to find the solution to the above-mentioned, outstanding issue by way of a methodology termed Material Flow Analysis (MFA). Method logy. The MFA has proved to be a useful tool on providing quantitative information of the flow of substances through an economic to an environmental system. Based upon the supply-and-demand theory of MFA, researchers have successfully conducted an overview of the use of materials in many industries, the construction industry being one of these. Therefore, this study tries to establish a set of analytical processes by way of MFA for identifying the pollution source of Cd in soil in Taiwan. In addition, the spirit of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) technique was also employed to identify the materials, and products should be ignored as a crucial pollution source in this study. Results and Discussion According to the MFA methodology applied in this study and on the basis of related studies performed by Taiwanese governmental authorities, we arrive at the following analysis results: (1) the total amount of Cd from the economic perspective of material and product flow was approximately 441.2 tons; (2) the wastewater directly discharged into irrigation water can be concluded to be the major pollution route of Cd in farmland soil in Taiwan; (3) material plastic stabilizer (cadmium oxide, CdO), Zn-Pd compounds and Cu compounds should be the crucial pollution sources to contaminate environment through the route of wastewater in Cd flow analysis; (4) the crucial pollution sources to contaminate environment through the route of wastewater in Cd flow analysis were five factories, Coin, Jili, Taiwan Dye, Guangzheng and Mingguan, and they were all categorized as stearate Cd industries; (5) the typical source of the Cd pollution in soil in Changhua County through the pollution route of wastewater should be the metal surfacing process industries. Conclusions This study proved that MFA can be a good tool for identifying Cd flow as well as for recognizing the crux of the problem concerning incidents of Cd pollution. This study led to the conclusion that the causal relationship between farmland pollution caused by Cd and stearate Cd factories in Taiwan seemed quite close by way of MFA methodology. In addition, this study also found that the wastewater discharged from a single metal surfacing process factory will not cause remarkable farmland pollution. However, the wastewater simultaneously discharged from a group of pollution factories can result in a significant pollution incident. Recommendations and Outlook This case study is only a small contribution to the understanding of the toxic material flow related to Cd in the environment. This study recommends that Taiwanese governmental authorities should not deal with problems on an ad hoc basis, but should instead deal with Cd pollution problems overall employing control measures. Finally, the more accurate information or data we can collect, the more reliable results we can identify. Therefore, the quality and quantity of related data used in this MFA model should be closely scrutinized in order to ensure the most correct and comprehensive investigation on the toxic material flow.