焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的厌氧生物降解特性

在试验室条件下,采用厌氧间歇试验,分别研究了焦化废水中几种有代表性的难降解有机物——喹啉、吲哚、吡啶、联苯的厌氧生物降解特性.文中突出了以厌氧预处理改善焦化废水中难降解有机物生物降解性的工程实用背景,对这四种有机物的厌氧处理的动力学特性、共基质作用、厌氧处理下去除效果的改善等,进行了较为深入的研究.     

Changes in Soil Properties of Abandoned Shrimp Ponds in Southern Thailand

Chemical soil properties between active shrimp ponds andabandoned ones on the Bangkok soil series were compared,at Ranote District, Songkhla Province in southern Thailand.Soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40 and 40–50 cm from pond bottoms at the same ponds used in a former study conducted in 1994, fora total of 6 ponds with 3 sampling sites for each pond. Theseponds were active during the previous study in 1994, abandonedin 1996 and investigated by this study in 1999. All the samples were analyzed for exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, S, P and pH, and statistically compared with the analytical results of theprevious study. An increase in amounts of Ca, Mg, K, Na and EC in the abandoned ponds as compared with the active ones by1.3–3.4, 1.4–2.1, 7.0–30.0, 1.2–6.3 and 1.3–10.9 timesrespectively was observed. That more of these elements weregained than lost each time the seawater was introduced intothe ponds, is explained by the Element Input/Output Consideration as proposed herein. Furthermore, a decreasein organic matter, S and P was also observed in the abandonedpond soils, and attributed to the absence of shrimp food and shrimp excreta following the cessation of shrimp raising activities. An unexpected decline in the soil pH of the abandoned ponds was found as well. Aerobic decomposition of organic matter during the absence of shrimp raising activitiescaused by soil microorganisms triggering SO₂ and H₂SO₄ formation probably played a more significantrole than the increase in the amounts of the basic elements (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) eventually reducing soil pH in the abandoned ponds. The significant depletion of the amounts of organic matter in the abandoned pond soils also supports this observation.     

Fenton氧化法处理焦化废水的影响因素研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化法处理某钢铁厂焦化废水,对影响Fenton试剂处理焦化废水效果的因素进行分析,包括H_2O_2投加量、n[Fe~(2+)]∶m[H_2O_2]、p H值、反应温度、反应时间等。结果表明,对于该焦化废水最佳反应条件为:H_2O_2投加量50 m L/L(即每升水样投加量为50 m L),n[Fe~(2+)]∶m[H_2O_2]=1∶10,p H=3,反应温度为30℃,反应时间30 min,废水COD去除率可达到70%~79%。该研究为高浓度难降解废水处理提供了数据支持。     

典型表面活性剂对焦化污泥中富集多环芳烃的解吸

焦化废水中的多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)由于其亲脂性极易转移至污泥相中,此过程成为微生物降解污泥中PAHs的传质受限步骤.基于表面活性剂解吸焦化污泥中富集的PAHs以利于微生物降解的构想,采用两种典型的表面活性剂—Triton X~(-1)00和十二烷基硫酸钠(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate,SDS)来考察其对菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的增溶作用,对比了不同浓度的菲、芘和苯并[a]芘在焦化污泥上的吸附特征,探讨了表面活性剂对焦化污泥中富集多环芳烃的解吸行为.结果发现,表面活性剂对菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的增溶能力与三者的亲脂性存在负相关的关系,它们在焦化污泥上的吸附特征可用Freundlich等温吸附模型来描述,影响吸附容量的因素包括PAHs的亲脂性和焦化污泥的理化性质;SDS与Triton X~(-1)00共同作用时对芘和苯并[a]芘的增溶更明显;以两者混合质量计的1 g表面活性剂在16 d内可以解吸1.12mg的总PAHs.上述研究可以作为焦化污泥生物修复的增溶工艺中表面活性剂需求量计算的参考依据.     

A-A/O法在焦化废水处理中的运行与管理

根据本溪北营钢铁公司的实际污水处理工程建设与运行调试情况 ,介绍了焦化废水A A O系统的工艺流程和原理 ,并对开工调试中污泥培养驯化及影响硝化反硝化反应的因素进行了探讨。     

废弃地的景观与生态恢复研究

废弃地是一种对生态环境造成重大破坏并且造成土地资源浪费的土地类型,如何进行合理的改造以形成可持续的土地利用模式是十分棘手的问题.利用新乡市北站区世利生态园的废弃地改造项目进行了废弃地"变废为宝"的探索,对合理进行废弃地的景观与生态恢复进行了较为深入的研究.通过对该废弃地现状的分析,得出对其进行合理的景观与生态恢复迫在眉睫.依据景观设计与生态恢复的理论、方法与原则,提出了景观恢复与生态恢复的具体措施,该措施可满足废弃地在自然生态、景观、经济和社会发展等方面可持续发展的要求.      

非均相催化氧化处理焦化废水

研究了非均相催化氧化处理焦化废水的效果。实验得出处理焦化废水的最佳条件：采用经质量浓度为80g／L的硝酸铜溶液浸渍后的γ—Al2O,为催化剂,废水pH为3,催化剂体积分数为40％,H2O2体积分数为4％,反应时间3h以上。原水经处理后COD由4540mg／L降至600mg／L以下,氨氮质量浓度由552mg／L降至160mg／L以下。     

高酚焦化废水萃取脱酚预处理

为了降低高酚焦化废水中挥发酚的浓度，实验研究了磷酸三丁酯煤油溶液在不同条件下对高酚焦化废水进行萃取脱酚预处理的效果。结果表明，萃取时间为8min，磷酸三丁酯煤油浓度为30％，温度低于40％，pH低于8．0，萃取比（油／水）R=1：2时，经过萃取后分水挥发酚浓度由4165mg降低到127．62mg／L，去除率高达96．94％，为后续生化处理奠定了基础。而萃取剂经过氢氧化钠溶液反萃取再生后，萃取剂的回收利用率可达94．25％以上。     

三维固定床电极法降解焦化废水

采用三维电极固定床技术对焦化废水进行了深度处理的实验研究,并取得了相应的工艺参数。实验研究结果表明,三维电极技术能有效的处理焦化废水,在槽电压为12V,液体催化剂量为1500mg/L,反应时间为60min,pH为3,COD去除率可达62%。     

用熄焦粉处理焦化废水的试验研究

用焦化厂自产的熄焦粉对生化后的废水进行吸附处理，出水COD从233mg／L降至50mg／L，达到GB8978--1996一级排放标准；用熄焦粉与微生物联合曝气处理焦化废水，出水COD从1086mg／L降至119mg／L。