Recycling and Reusing Heat Energy During the Production of Powdery Phospholipid

The temperature is 56.5°C when acetone gas is rectified during the production of powdery phospholipid. If heat exchanger is added, heat energy that is reclaimed can be used by other heaters. On the basis of exchange hot water (51°C) 4m³ every minute, a factory with the productivity of powdery phospholipid being 10 ton a day can save 533.2 ton standard coal which is equivalent to 746.48 ton common coal. If this technique of saving energy and reducing emission could be widely used in correlative industries of all over the country, economic benefits will be prominent.     

污水厂污泥在亚/超临界丙酮中的液化行为

利用直接热化学液化技术,在1000mL的反应釜中,考察了液化温度、污泥/溶剂配比(R1)、催化剂以及溶剂填充率(R2)对污水厂污泥在亚/超临界丙酮中的液化行为的影响.结果表明,约300℃条件下,污泥液化较为彻底,过低或过高的温度液化效果反而较差.当温度超过340 ℃时,丙酮溶剂参与反应能力增强,促进油产率的增加,至380℃时油产率保持稳定.在其他液化条件相同的情况下,发现污泥在R1为10/200、R2为20%、添加5%剂量的NaOH作为催化剂,获得较好的液化效果.红外光谱(FTIR)和气相色谱/质谱分析(GC-MS)分析表明,生物油的主要成分是含氮杂环、羧酸、酯、酮等化合物,主要的官能团包括胺基、羟基、烷基和羰基等.     

三唑酮在水中的光化学降解及其影响因素

以太阳光和高压汞灯为光源，研究了水溶液中三唑酮光化学降解的影响因子。结果表明：在不同光源和透光介质下，三唑酮的降解能力从大到小依次为：石英试管＋高压汞灯、玻璃试管＋高压汞灯、石英试管＋太阳光、玻璃试管＋太阳光、暗室；水溶液中三唑酮初始浓度越高，其光降解率越低，呈负相关关系；丙酮对三唑酮在水中的光解有极显著的光敏作用，光敏效率与丙酮添加量有显著相关性；三唑酮的光解实质为光氧化作用，溶解氧含量对三唑酮光解有重大影响。     

超临界丙酮降解废弃线路板中的溴化环氧树脂简

探讨废弃线路板中溴化环氧树脂在超临界丙酮中的脱溴降解特性,重点考察了温度、反应时间和有机溶剂添加量对溴化环氧树脂降解特性的影响,确立的最佳实验条件为：温度260℃、保温时间1~2 h、丙酮添加量20~40 mL,系统压强3~6 MPa,此时溴化环氧树脂能够快速降解,脱溴率达到97.94%,降解产物主要为苯酚和异丙基苯酚,含量分别为60.99%和3.12%,降解产物中溴主要以HBr的形式存在于油相中,可以用碱液从油相中萃取脱除。线路板经超临界丙酮处理后,铜箔与玻璃纤维自动分层解离便于后续破碎回收,为废弃线路板的无害化处理和资源回收利用提供了一条新途径。     

餐馆排放油烟气中羰基化合物浓度及分布特征

通过对餐馆排放的油烟烟气中羰基化合物的研究,发现在20种目标化合物中检测到18种,其中乙醛的浓度最高,其次是甲醛和丙酮。从分布上来看,直链的羰基化合物的浓度远远高于支链和环状的羰基化合物的浓度。因为无论是烹调油或者食物加热时都可以产生大量的羰基化合物。     

利用石油流化焦制备活性炭的研究

通过高温化学活化法和以高硫石油流化焦为原料、KOH为主要活化剂制备活性炭,研究了碱焦比、乙醇或丙酮和氮气流保护等对活性炭性能的影响。实验在直立管式炉内进行,选用单因素实验,结合比表面积和孔隙表征、元素分析、工业分析及苯酚吸附值测定,对样品进行评价。结果表明:活性炭比表面积和总孔容积随碱焦比增加而增加;乙醇或丙酮配入能提高样品比表面积和孔隙特性及其苯酚吸附能力;采用无氮气流保护反应系统,能增加样品BET表面积和总孔容积,并降低硫氮含量。     

Fenton oxidation of 2, 4-and 2, 6-dinitrotoluene and acetone inhibition

The performances and kinetic parameters of Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in water-acetone mixtures and explosive contaminated soil washing-out solutions were investigated at a laboratory scale. The experimental results show that acetone can be a significant hydroxyl radical scavenger and result in serious inhibition of Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT. Although no serious inhibition was found in contaminated soil washing-out solutions, longer reaction time was needed to remove 2,4- and 2,6-DNT completely, mainly due to the competition of hydroxyl radicals. Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT fit well with the first-order kinetics and the presence of acetone also reduced DNT’s degradation kinetics. Based on the comparison and matching of retention time and ultraviolet (UV) spectra between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and standards, the following reaction pathway for 2,4-DNT primary degradation was proposed: 2,4-DNT → 2,4-dinitro-benzaldehyde → 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid → 1,3-dinitrobenzene → 3-nitrophenol.     

Saving Energy and Reducing Emission When Recycling Acetone dudng the Production of Soy Phospholipid

Acetone,which is volatile,flammable,toxic,expen- sive and causing serious air pollution,is often used as extracting solvent in the production of powdery soy phospholipid.Recycling and reusing acetone is the key of reducing the cost of production. Therefore,saving energy and reducing emission when recycling acetone are the most important technologies during the production of phospholipid.On the basis of the productivity of powdery phospholipid being 2.4 t every day,43.2 t acetone is reused every 8 h and t...     

酚试剂和乙酰丙酮法测定空气中甲醛的研究

对测定空气中甲醛的两种分光光度法 -酚试剂法和乙酰丙酮法进行了比较 ,分析两种测定方法的影响因素 ,灵敏度、检出限、测定下限、准确度、精密度、线性范围等进行了对比研究 ,建立了空气中甲醛的采样方法 ,分别应用两种方法对空气中的甲醛含量进行了测定 ,结果一致。     

泡沫活性炭的制备及其对丙酮的吸附性能研究

以中间相沥青和原煤为原料,在高温高压下发泡成型,经过高温炭化和水蒸气活化后制得了比表面积为672m2/g、中孔发达的泡沫状成型活性炭(MACFoam).该成型活性炭中含有大量的微米级孔道并具有良好的透气性,可以作为气流通道.由其所装填的吸附床层对丙酮的吸附行为与颗粒活性炭相似,可以使用Yoon-Nelson方程对实验穿...