复杂环境下具有轨道特征目标模型光散射特性研究

依据目标表面材料光谱反射率、等效光学常数色散曲线和双向反射分布函数（BRDF）及表面高度起伏均方根,建立了理论模型,计算分析了一种空间简单体组合模型在太阳、地球-大气系统背景影响下目标可见光散射特性随入射波长和轨道高度的变化关系。计算结果表明,散射体在相同轨道的条件下,表面材料的反射率越高,光散射强度越大;散射体材料相同时,散射体散射强度随着散射体轨道高度的增加而减小。     

对煤炭资源开发和生态环境保护的思考

锡林郭勒盟煤炭资源丰富,探明储量1448亿吨,仅次于鄂尔多斯市居全区第二。大规模资源开发引起地貌、土壤、植被、水文、空气质量的环境构成要素的破坏,正在以扬沙、空气污染等方式反作用于人类。加强矿山环境保护势在必行,只要我们坚持开发、保护和治理相结合,认真处理矿产资源开发与经济发展、生态环境保护三者之间关系,矿山生态环境就会大大改善,科学发展观也就会真正落到实处。     

Voluntary Pollution Prevention Programs in New Zealand - An evaluation of practice versus design features

Coordinated voluntary approaches to Pollution Prevention are widely practiced in many western-style economies. However, little empirical research has been undertaken into the extent to which these approaches match best practice pollution prevention approaches. In this paper nine programs employed by five regional and district councils in New Zealand are evaluated against nine ‘Best Practice’ design features. All five councils’ pollution prevention programs contained some of the best practice design features in their program’s design. Perhaps not surprisingly the older programs rank highest out of the five. However, all programs have the potential to develop towards containing all of the ‘best practice’ design features, with most emphasis needed on the credibility of program monitoring. From an ongoing research perspective, and also from an overall PP program performance point of view, the biggest challenge remains the extent and depth that the programs apply each of the design features. As presented they are extremely generic. While generic design features provide for flexibility in implementation, often seen as a positive, they can also be a recipe for ‘tokenism’, something that future researchers and program managers need to be aware of. We also sought to determine if these programs were contributing to sustainable management in New Zealand. Findings in this respect were equivocal. This finding in part is due to the lack of specificity around targets, monitoring and reporting, items needing further attention from managers and researchers.     

A review of international practice in the design of voluntary Pollution Prevention Programs

Voluntary approaches to industry-wide pollution prevention programs have gained a global impetus. Despite this impetus relatively little research has been undertaken into identifying key features of successful programs. This research identified these features by reviewing selected programs in five countries, Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Nine key features have been identified, namely: Adequate and consistent funding; Collaborative relationship with industry; Single sector program focus; Setting credible goals; Info-regulation and resources available; Threat of credible enforcement; Regular and credible monitoring; Visible participant benefits; and, Transparent provision of program results. The research complements other work and while showing a high level of similarity in the features, provided also for the inclusion of two further design features, namely ‘adequate and consistent funding’, and developing a maintaining a ‘collaborative relationship with industry’. It is suggested that the nine design features alone, while important, are insufficient and that further research is required to identify these other supporting factors.     

基于关联维的事故时间序列分形特征分析

根据我国"十五"期间事故统计数据,构造了一个事故时间序列;基于相空间重构理论,对事故序列进行了相空间重构,应用G-P算法,对事故时间序列的分形特征进行了研究,计算得出事故时间序列的关联维数。研究结果表明:当嵌入维数达到8以后,该事故动力学系统具有稳定的关联维数4.7,说明至少有5个因子在影响着事故时间序列的动态变化,并且该系统的有效自由度为8。本研究对建立事故时间序列的预测模型有较大的参考价值。     

合肥市景观水环境综合评价

以合肥市的景观水体为研究对象,从景观水资源的自然属性和美学属性研究入手,探讨了城市水体的景观、环境和经济效应及美学特征,并在此基础上,应用"专家评估"与"系统调查分析"相结合的评价方法,对主要景观水体的美景度进行了综合评价。结果表明:合肥市内水景中美感度最高的是黑池坝风景区(113.3),其次是银河公园风景区(60.9),再次是雨花塘风景区(46.4),而美景度较差的是杏花公园(-27.5)和南淝河(-4.9)。     

贵州省乡村旅游空间特征的主导因子及其空间响应——基于地理加权相关系数的分析

选取贵州省1976个乡村旅游点作为研究对象,采用核密度、地理探测器、地理加权相关系数探究了2017—2019年该省乡村旅游空间特征、主导因子及其空间响应。结果表明:(1)乡村旅游空间格局为"中部集聚、周边随机"和"双核心、多热点"。(2)高程、住宿接待能力、水文环境、地形坡高等是影响乡村旅游空间特征的主要因素。(3)除地形坡高与乡村旅游呈负相关外,其他主导因子均与乡村旅游呈正相关,高程的起伏促进了乡村旅游的发展。     

基于风量-风压复合特征的通风系统阻变型故障诊断

为了避免风量单一特征进行故障位置诊断的不适定性,提出基于风量-风压复合特征的故障位置诊断方法,实现特征信息的多维互补,提高故障位置诊断的准确度。利用蒙特卡洛方法生成大致满足实际故障风阻值分布的故障仿真样本,为了避免不同变量之间不同量纲、不同数量级造成的数据损失,对原始风量、风压数据进行标准化处理,并分别以风量单一特征、风压单一特征、风量-风压复合特征作为支持向量机（SVM）的输入,构建通风系统阻变型故障位置诊断模型。通过故障模拟实验研究表明:风量、风压单一特征进行故障位置诊断的准确度分别为89.80%,90.34%,风量-风压复合特征进行故障位置诊断的准确度为98.23%,说明风量-风压复合特征进行故障诊断可以消除风量、风压单一特征进行故障诊断的不适定性,提高故障诊断的准确度。     

Evaluating the aesthetic value of cultural ecosystem services by mapping geo-tagged photographs from social media data on Panoramio and Flickr

Traditional approaches for evaluating aesthetic value rely on surveys or interviews. Social media provides a new type of crowdsourcing data to examine the relationships between aesthetic value and citizens' activities. The main goal of this paper was to evaluate aesthetic value in Nebraska by using citizen-reported geo-tagged photographs posted on two social media sites – Panoramio and Flickr. The study used the application programming interface from Panoramio and Flickr to obtain the latitude and longitude of the geo-tagged photographs, and then used ArcGIS spatial statistical tools to examine spatial patterns with areas of aesthetic value in Nebraska. The outcomes identified the clusters of pictures with the locations of ecosystem service provisioning areas of aesthetic value in Nebraska, identified new areas with aesthetic value, and drew comparisons with local and regional population distribution. This study provided an innovative approach to using crowdsourcing data to verify the value of ecosystem services.     

海洋资源会计:基础·规范·核算

通过分析海洋资源与当代社会经济发展的关联关系,论证了运用会计方法来确认、计量和报告海洋资源性资产的理论价值与现实意义。指出建立海洋资源会计核算体系是可持续发展观念下加强海洋资源管理的重要形式,探讨了海洋资源的资产特性、产权决定与管理以及价值评估方法等会计核算的基础问题,并对海洋资源会计核算规范五个层次的基本内容进行了阐述。在此基础之上,从会计账户设置、会计交易事项分析与会计信息披露三个角度描述了海洋资源会计记录与报告的主要特点。