Size distributions of fine and ultrafine particles in the city of Strasbourg: correlation between number of particles and concentrations of NO(x) and SO(2) gases and some soluble ions concentration determination

An Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was used during spring and autumn 2003 in the centre of Strasbourg for the measurement of atmospheric aerosols size distribution. The concentration of NO(x) and SO(2) in air was simultaneously measured with specific analysers. Samples were collected in the range 0.007-10 microm in equivalent aerodynamic diameter size. Number distributions are representative of a pollution originating from urban traffic with a particle size distribution exhibiting a nucleation mode below 29 nm and an accumulation mode around 80 nm in size. A mean particle density equal to 39000+/-35000 total particles per cm(3) with a size ranging from 7 to 10 microm was obtained after a sampling period of 2 weeks in spring. About 86.9% of the number of particles have an aerodynamic diameter below 0.1 microm and 13.1% between 0.1 and 1 microm. Correlation coefficients between the number of particles impacted on each ELPI plate and gas concentrations (SO(2) and NO(x)) showed that the numbers of particles with diameter between 0.10 and 0.62 microm are highly related to the NO(x) concentration. This result indicates that particles are traffic induced since NO(x) is mainly emitted by cars as shown by measurements on various sites. Particles are less clearly correlated to the SO(2) concentration. Particle analysis on different ELPI plates for a sampling period of 2 weeks in autumn showed high level of soluble NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-) and NH(4)(+) ions. Indeed, up to 90% b.w. of these three species were found in the particle range 0.1-1 microm. The formation of particulate NH(4)NO(3) is favoured by high NO(x) concentration, which induces the formation of gaseous HNO(3).     

Photocatalytic degradation of disperse blue 1 using UV/TiO2/H2O2 process

The photocatalytic degradation of a dye derivative, C.I. disperse blue 1 (1), has been investigated under UV light irradiation in the presence of TiO2 and H2O2 under a variety of conditions. The degradation was studied by monitoring the change in substrate concentration employing UV spectroscopic technique as a function of irradiation time. The degradation was studied under different conditions such as different types of TiO2, reaction pH, catalyst and substrate concentration containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), besides molecular oxygen in the presence of TiO2. The degradation of dye was also investigated under sunlight and the efficiency of degradation was compared with that of the artificial light source. The degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. The photocatalyst Degussa P25 was found to be more efficient for the degradation of the dye.     

低温试验能力验证中的不确定度分析评估

本文简述电气领域如何评定测量不确定度过程,并结合CNAS T0346低温试验能力验证计划,识别和具体分析低温试验中各测量不确定度的来源,对各种影响因素进行评价,论述人、机、料、法、环、测各环节对测量结果的影响,给出了低温试验测量结果不确定度的评估过程。     

基于混沌、灰色理论模型,预测煤矿生产中安全状况的对比分析

建立煤矿安全生产状况预测的非线性回归模型、混沌动力学模型、灰色模型和灰色残差模型,用4种模型对我国百万吨煤矿死亡率进行预测分析,其结果表明:混沌动力学预测模型和非线性回归模型使用参数较少、计算简单,易于推广,但预测精度尚不高,误差较大;使用灰色残差模型进行预测,虽然计算复杂,但预测精度较高,验证2007年度百万吨死亡率相对误差仅为0.96%,煤炭生产的安全性指标百万吨死亡率宜采用残差模型进行预测。笔者认为,灰色残差模型在对煤矿安全生产的宏观管理领域有广泛的应用前景。     

Odor Control for Land Application of Lime Stabilized Biosolids

Over three million dry metric tons of biosolids produced in the United States are land applied as Class B. Lime stabilization is employed for biosolids treatment at approximately 20% of the wastewater treatment plants because it is a simple and inexpensive process. During lime stabilization, the pH of sewage sludge is raised above 12 for pathogen inactivation and odor reduction. Lime dose and mixing have been found to greatly reduce odor generation from lime stabilized biosolids. A better quality biosolids product is less likely to create public opposition to land application programs. In this study, land application tests using Class B biosolids were conducted in order to determine whether better mixing can reduce odor generation during the land application of lime stabilized biosolids. The mixing quality of a treatment plant’s lime stabilized biosolids was improved by relocating the lime addition point, which prolonged the mixing time and produced a better mixed biosolids product. Based on field observations of land application, the poorly mixed biosolids were more odorous and offensive prior to incorporation. However, once incorporated into the soil, there was no appreciable odor difference between the biosolids. Another land application study was conducted to assess the odor of unincorporated Class A biosolids and compare it with incorporated Class A biosolids with the soil.     

雷州半岛桉林-砖红壤水分动态变化特征研究

根据定位观测数据,对雷州半岛浅海沉积物发育的桉林地砖红壤水分状况及其动态变化进行了初步探讨.结果表明,受水分蒸发量大等因素的影响,0～100 cm土层月均贮水量较低;主要受降雨分布的影响,土壤水分呈明显的季节性变化特征且季节性干旱时间较长,8～     

1—硝基芘对斜生栅藻的毒性研究

酿要用评价化学品对藻类毒性的标准实验方法,研究了１－硝基芘对斜生栅藻生长的影响,得到了１－ＮＰ抑制斜生栅藻生长的ＥＣ５０（９６ｈ）为０．１８２４ｍｇ．１＾－１,实验结果还表明,１－ＮＰ对藻生长的抑制作用随时间的延长而增加,抑制物性表现为特久且强度大,抑制机理为不可逆性抑制。     

CBERS-2B数据提取平原区细小地物系数的方法探讨

利用Landsat TM等中等分辨率影像对区域生态环境进行监测与评价时,由于影像分辨率的局限性,仍有许多地物无法解译出来,如农田中的道路、水渠等,文章主要研究了利用图像融合增强和人机交互式解译等技术方法,对CBERS-2B的CCD影像和HR影像进行处理,提取平原区农田中道路面积比系数,从而将农田中未解译的地物扣除。结果表明,CCD影像与HR影像经过融合增强处理后,可以进行平原地区村级及以上道路的提取。     

高效液相色谱-串连四极杆质谱联用测定水样和气样中的1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮

建立了水和气样中1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮的高效液相色谱-串连四极杆质谱测定方法。水样经0.45μm滤膜可直接进样,气样中的1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮经活性炭吸附后,经30%乙腈水溶液洗脱后进样,最低检出质量达0.012ng;线性范围在0.001~2mg/L;方法灵敏度高,干扰小,定性能力强,快速简单,回收率良好。     

重庆市代表性城区冬季和夏季苯系物来源解析

2009—2010年冬季和夏季在重庆市某代表性城区对大气中苯系物进行观测,并应用苯与甲苯特征比值(B/T)和因子分析法对苯系物来源进行了分析。结果表明,2种源分析方法具有较好的一致性,涂料及溶剂的生产与使用以及机动车尾气和油品使用是该研究区域苯系物的主要来源,贡献率分别为59.3%和16.2%。不同功能区、不同季节,苯系物来源构成有所差异。除受汽车尾气影响外,夏季受涂料、溶剂等生产使用的影响也较大,尤其是投诉集中点位、混合区和工业区;冬季,投诉集中点位主要受涂料、溶剂等生产使用等影响,其他点位可能还受到燃烧源的影响。