大同矿区煤的导热系数灰色关联分析及预测

为分析煤质指标及密度对导热系数的影响作用,选取了山西大同矿区的不同煤质煤样,进行导热系数测定实验,应用灰色系统理论对导热系数与影响因素进行灰色关联分析,建立导热系数与主要影响因素的GM(1,4)灰色预测模型,进行导热系数预测。结果表明:固定碳、密度和水分是影响煤导热系数的主要因素;根据得出的主要影响因素建立的GM(1,4)预测模型平均相对误差为4.5%,预测精度较高,能够用于导热系数的预测。     

丙烯腈诱导的氧化应激对大鼠睾丸NF-κB信号通路的影响

为探索丙烯腈(acrylonitrile,ACN)诱导的氧化应激对大鼠睾丸NF-κB信号通路的影响,将50只SPF级健康SD雄性大鼠按体重随机分为12.5、25、50 mg·kg~(-1)ACN染毒组,50 mg·kg~(-1)ACN+300 mg·kg~(-1)N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)干预组(NAC干预组),对照组(给予等体积玉米油),每组10只,灌胃,1次/天,6天/周,共90 d。可见光分光光度法检测睾丸组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽比值(glutathione/oxidized glutathione,GSH/GSSG)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)。免疫荧光染色法检测睾丸核因子-κB(nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)激活及核转移。Western Blot检测睾丸p65、IκB蛋白表达。结果显示,低、高剂量染毒组大鼠睾丸GSH/GSSG比值、GSH-Px酶活性与对照组比较降低(P0.05)。中、高剂量染毒组大鼠睾丸MDA含量与对照组比较升高(P0.05)。NAC干预组大鼠睾丸MDA含量与高ACN组比较降低(P0.05);NAC干预组大鼠睾丸GSH/GSSG比值与高ACN组比较升高(P0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,高ACN组大鼠睾丸NF-κB被激活,并转移入细胞核。NAC干预组与高ACN组比较p65蛋白表达及核转移显著减少。Western Blot结果显示,高剂量染毒组大鼠睾丸p65蛋白表达与对照组比较升高(P0.05),IκB蛋白表达与对照组比较降低(P0.05);NAC干预组大鼠睾丸p65蛋白表达与高ACN组比较降低,IκB蛋白表达与高ACN组比较升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结果表明丙烯腈引起的氧化应激激活了大鼠睾丸生殖细胞NF-κB信号通路。     

中国区域HCFC-142b排放量模式反演研究

利用拉格朗日粒子扩散模式FLEXPART结合上甸子区域本底站在线观测HCFC-142b数据,采取自上而下的反演方法,估算了2009和2010年中国HCFC-142b的排放量分别为10.82kt/a和15.42kt/a,分别占全球HCFC-142b排放量的29.7%和45.8%.反演HCFC-142b排放量的空间分布结果显示其排放源主要集中在京津冀、四川、山东西部以及长江中下游地区,与相关研究中自下而上方法获得的排放量分布一致.模式反演源较先验源更接近观测数据,2009年相关系数从0.38提高到0.47,2010年相关系数则从0.60提高到0.65.     

两阶段评估体系筛选水源突发污染应急最优技术方案

为预判突发污染对水源的威胁程度,进而筛选适宜污染情景的最优应急处置技术,本研究构建了包含10个评价指标的水源突发污染威胁度判别指标体系,依据威胁度等级判定,确定与不同威胁度对应的应急处置技术评估指标体系的指标权重.同时,为合理体现群决策过程中专家差异对权重的影响,提出了基于循环修正的群组G1指标赋权法.以Spearman等级相关系数作为检验标准,应用平均值法、Board法、Copeland法3种组合评价方法对单一专家评价结果进行循环迭代修正,最终得到评价指标的一致性排序和各位专家的权重,使各项指标的权重赋值更为准确.将综合评估模型应用于2012年广西龙江镉污染事故中,成功筛选出“调水稀释—絮凝沉降—水厂强化混凝”的组合应急技术方案,同实际情况吻合,验证了评估模型的可行性.     

稀土Ce3+掺杂Bi2WO6光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

采用水热合成法制备稀土元素Ce3+掺杂Bi2WO6光催剂,通过X射线衍射、场发射电镜扫描、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对合成材料的结构、形貌、光吸收等物理化学性能进行表征,并以染料废水中罗丹明B的降解考察其光催化活性.结果表明,Ce3+掺杂量为0.05%时,其结晶度好、颗粒较均匀、具有较强的可见光吸收性能,且比表面积比纯Bi2WO6提高近10%以上,对罗丹明B的去除效果最好;催化剂用量越高、罗丹明B的初始浓度越低、反应溶液pH值越低、H2O2的浓度越高越有利于Ce/Bi2WO6对罗丹明B的吸附和降解;而阴阳离子的影响各不相同:NO3-、SO42-没有太大的影响; Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-的加入均促使的染料的去除;HCO3-抑制了罗丹明B的吸附,但是却促进了光降解.另外,经重复使用3次,光催化降解速率常数并没有降低,表明稀土Ce3+改性Bi2WO6是一种有效稳定的光催化剂.     

基于G1法的高危作业疲劳风险模糊综合评判

疲劳严重威胁作业安全,许多事故都直接或间接由疲劳引发。针对高危作业疲劳风险评价问题,考虑作业疲劳致因,综合运用G1法,提出高危作业疲劳风险的模糊综合评判方法。首先,根据疲劳的表现,系统分析影响高危作业疲劳的因素,以管理因素、岗位因素、作业环境、生理、心理等5个因素为准则,构建作业疲劳风险的评价指标体系。然后,应用G1法,确定指标权重,建立高危作业疲劳风险多级模糊综合评价模型,评判疲劳状况。最后,通过一个案例验证了模型方法的可行性与有效性,为综合评判高危作业疲劳发生可能性提供了一个新视角与方法。     

Mapping Change in Human Pressure Globally on Land and within Protected Areas

It is widely accepted that the main driver of the observed decline in biological diversity is increasing human pressure on Earth's ecosystems. However, the spatial patterns of change in human pressure and their relation to conservation efforts are less well known. We developed a spatially and temporally explicit map of global change in human pressure over 2 decades between 1990 and 2010 at a resolution of 10 km². We evaluated 22 spatial data sets representing different components of human pressure and used them to compile a temporal human pressure index (THPI) based on 3 data sets: human population density, land transformation, and electrical power infrastructure. We investigated how the THPI within protected areas was correlated to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management categories and the human development index (HDI) and how the THPI was correlated to cumulative pressure on the basis of the original human footprint index. Since the early 1990s, human pressure increased 64% of the terrestrial areas; the largest increases were in Southeast Asia. Protected areas also exhibited overall increases in human pressure, the degree of which varied with location and IUCN management category. Only wilderness areas and natural monuments (management categories Ib and III) exhibited decreases in pressure. Protected areas not assigned any category exhibited the greatest increases. High HDI values correlated with greater reductions in pressure across protected areas, while increasing age of the protected area correlated with increases in pressure. Our analysis is an initial step toward mapping changes in human pressure on the natural world over time. That only 3 data sets could be included in our spatio‐temporal global pressure map highlights the challenge to measuring pressure changes over time. Mapeo del Cambio en la Presión Humana Global en Tierra y Dentro de Áreas Protegidas     

利用人皮肤模型评价杀菌类农药腐蚀/刺激性的研究

建立人皮肤模型检测杀菌类农药的腐蚀/刺激性,探讨体外皮肤模型替代农药的动物皮肤安全性评价实验的可行性和影响因素.使用人皮肤成纤维细胞与鼠尾胶原混合培养模拟真皮层,在真皮层上接种人角化细胞,经气液培养形成表皮层.通过细胞活性和细胞因子测定鉴别化合物的腐蚀/刺激性,并比较体外皮肤模型和动物测试结果的一致性.结果表明,皮肤模型对十种农药的腐蚀性测试中,与动物安全评价测试结果完全一致.在刺激性试验中,细胞因子白介素-1a(IL-1a)作为检测终点提高了体外皮肤模型的灵敏性和准确性,人皮肤模型和动物测试结果的一致性达到80％.研究表明,构建的人皮肤模型在对杀菌类农药腐蚀/刺激性测试中初步表现出较好的性能,作为动物替代方法进行农药品安全性评价具有良好的应用前景.     

Comparison of growth and lipid accumulation properties of two oleaginous microalgae under different nutrient conditions

This study compared the growth and lipid accumulation properties of two oleaginous microalgae, namely, Scenedesmus sp. LX1 and Chlorella sp. HQ, under different nutrient conditions. Both algal species obtained the highest biomass, lipid content and lipid yield under low-nutrient conditions （mBGll medium）. The biomass, lipid content and lipid yield of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 were 0.42g·L^-1, 22.5% and 93.8mg·L^-1, respectively. These values were relatively higher than those of Chlorella sp. HQ （0.30g·L^-1, 17.1% and 51.3mg·L^-1, respectively）. These algae were then cultivated in an SE medium that contained more nutrients; as a result, the biomass and lipid yield of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 reduced more significantly than those of Chlorella sp. HQ. Opposite results were observed in lipid and triacylglycerols （TAGs） contents. The cell sizes of both algal species under low-nutrient conditions were larger than those under high-nutrient conditions. Chlorella sp. HQ cells did not aggregate, but Scenedesmus sp. LX1 cells flocculated easily, particularly under low-nutrient conditions. In summary, low-nutrient conditions favour the growth and lipid production of both algae, but Scenedesmus sp. LX1 outperforms Chlorella sp. HQ.     

位阻胺混合甘氨酸盐溶液吸收CO2的研究

在双搅拌反应釜中研究了位阻胺2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)与甘氨酸钠(SG)混合溶液吸收CO2的性能.实验温度293~313K,混合溶液的浓度为AMP(1.5kmol/m3)+SG (0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8kmol/m3),SG浓度每增加0.2kmol/m3,200min内的平均吸收速率分别提高11.47%,10.07%,9.18%和5.33%.与AMP单一溶液相比,混合溶液在200 min时的吸收容量增加了11.5%~41.1%.在293~313K,吸收速率随温度上升而提高.使用加热的方法进行再生实验,得到1.5 kmol/m3 AMP + 0.6 kmol/m3 SG混合液的最适再生温度为378K.AMP + SG混合溶液的再生效率高于单一SG溶液及AMP + MEA/DEA混合溶液.