光电芬顿氧化反应降解染料罗丹明B

以有机染料罗丹明B为目标污染物,利用光电芬顿方法对其进行降解研究。研究汇总考察了芬顿试剂（二价铁盐、双氧水）的用量及比例、初始pH值、电流强度等对罗丹明B降解效果的影响。实验结果表明：芬顿试剂H₂O₂?/?Fe²⁺的最佳物质的量比为1∶1,Fe²⁺浓度降低或H₂O₂浓度升高,罗丹明B降解效果增强;罗丹明B在pH＝3.0的酸性体系中降解效果最好;电流强度为0.005 A时,罗丹明B降解效果好且耗能最低。在H₂O₂?/?Fe²⁺物质的量比为1∶1、电流为0.005 A、初始pH＝3.0、H₂O₂初始浓度为1.0 mM条件下,以350 nm紫外光照射的光电芬顿反应降解初始浓度为0.1 mM的罗丹明B溶液,处理10 min后罗丹明B去除效率可达99%以上。     

Metabolism of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine andN-phenyl-1-naphthylamine by rat hepaticmicrosomes and hepatocytes

The carcinogenic antioxidants,N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (P1NA)and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (P2NA) were examined in vitro for biotransformation by rat hepatic microsomes and in freshly isolated hepatocytes. HPLC-analysis of hepatocyte incubations with revealed that phenols were the major metabolites in both cases. P1NA formed one phenolic metabolite only, while incubation with P2NA yielded two phenols identified as 6-hydroxy-P2NA and 4'-hydroxy-P2NA by cochromatography with authentic samples. β-naphthylamine, a metabolite indicating dephenylation of P2NA was not detectable.Metabolism studies with microsomes revealed that the phenols were formed by cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenases. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene both increased the rate of microsomal metabolism of P1NA and P2NA, indicating that more than one P-450 enzyme mediate the oxygenation reaction. Animal pretreatment with single and repeated doses of P1NA and P2NA did not markedly stimulate metabolism, b     

高强铝合金海洋大气环境剥层腐蚀研究

通过7B04铝合金海洋大气环境户外和棚下暴露试验,研究了7B04铝合金的宏观/微观腐蚀特征及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明,7B04铝合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀表现为点蚀—晶间腐蚀—剥层腐蚀的规律,棚下暴露比户外暴露严重,反面暴露比正面暴露严重。同时,从显微组织、晶间电偶腐蚀、腐蚀产物＂楔入作用＂等方面剖析了7B04铝合金剥层腐蚀的机理。     

传统活性污泥法COD去除及脱氮改造的模拟

活性污泥模型方法正逐渐成为废水处理工程领域科学研究、工艺设计和过程控制的一种重要手段。以国际水质协会的活性污泥1号模型（ASM1为基础，以MATLAB为工具开发模拟软件，对模型进行了校核与验证。模拟了重庆市唐家桥污水处理厂COD和含N组分的降解过程，研究了有机物负荷、流量、温度和溶解氧浓度变化对出水COD、氨氮、硝态氮和总氮的影响。利用所开发的模拟程序对唐家桥污水处理厂的脱氮改造方案进行了优化，并预测了改造后的处理效果。     

雨季玉龙雪山白水1号冰川表层雪中无机离子特征及环境意义

分析了玉龙雪山白水1号冰川雨季(5-10月)表层雪中无机离子的组成和特征,并与其他高海拔地区湿沉降进行对比。结果表明:白水1号冰川表层雪一定程度上受到了人类活动的影响;由于雨季强烈的淋溶作用,表层雪SO₄^2-含量较低,酸度的主要贡献离子是NO₃^-;pH值较高的原因是碱性金属离子的中和作用;海盐示踪结果显示雨季表层雪中离子来源主要以海源为主。在6-9月之间由于降水的淋洗作用,表层雪中离子浓度较低。表层雪中NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺高于大多数其他高海拔区域降水,是表层雪中无机离子浓度的主要贡献者,Ca²⁺浓度较高说明该地区高空水汽也受到了局地岩石岩性的强烈影响。     

Electrochemical inactivation of cyanobacteria and microcystin degradation using a boron-doped diamond anode——A potential tool for cyanobacterial bloom control

Cyanobacterial blooms are global phenomena that can occur in calm and nutrient-rich(eutrophic) fresh and marine waters. Human exposure to cyanobacteria and their biologically active products is possible during water sports and various water activities, or by ingestion of contaminated water. Although the vast majority of harmful cyanobacterial products are confined to the interior of the cells, these are eventually released into the surrounding water following natural or artificially induced cell death. Electrochemical oxidation has been used here to damage cyanobacteria to halt their proliferation, and for microcystin degradation under in-vitro conditions. Partially spent Jaworski growth medium with no addition of supporting electrolytes was used. Electrochemical treatment resulted in the cyanobacterial loss of cell-buoyancy regulation, cell proliferation arrest, and eventual cell death. Microcystin degradation was studied separately in two basic modes of treatment: batch-wise flow, and constant flow, for electrolytic-cell exposure. Batch-wise exposure simulates treatment under environmental conditions, while constant flow is more appropriate for the study of boron-doped diamond electrode efficacy under laboratory conditions. The effectiveness of microcystin degradation was established using high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector analysis, while the biological activities of the products were estimated using a colorimetric protein phosphatase-1 inhibition assay. The results indicate potential for the application of electro-oxidation methods for the control of bloom events by taking advantage of specific intrinsic ecological characteristics of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. The applicability of the use of boron-doped diamond electrodes in remediation of water exposed to cyanobacteria bloom events is discussed.     

用铁酸盐型磁性吸附剂去除偶氮染料酸性红B

通过对几种磁性铁酸盐型吸附剂Mfe₂O₄(M=Fe,Mn,Cu)的表面特性及去除染料酸性红B(ARB)的吸附性能与催化氧化再生性能的研究,证明该类吸附剂能够有效地吸附去除水中的酸性红B,经磁分离,用H₂O₂/Fe²⁺体系可以同时氧化有机物与再生吸附剂,吸附剂可以循环使用.pH值对吸附能力有很大影响,对于MnFe₂O₄和Fe₃O₄,发生最大吸附的pH值范围在3.5～3.8,而对于CuFe₂O₄ pH值则在4.5～4.8时有最大吸附能力.CuFe₂O₄的吸附容量最大,MnFe₂O₄次之,FeO₄最小;3种吸附剂的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir吸附模型.在发生吸附的pH值范围内,吸附剂吸附染料后其Zeta电位比吸附前均有明显降低.再生实验表明,3种吸附剂再生后,其比表面积明显增大,表面元素组成发生很大变化,其吸附能力也明显提高.     

太湖、巢湖水体总悬浮物浓度半分析反演模型构建及其适用性评价

总悬浮物浓度是水体重要的水质参数.本研究利用太湖春季、秋季和巢湖夏季多期野外实测数据,通过对生物光学模型进行合理的简化构建适用于太湖、巢湖水体总悬浮物浓度反演的半分析模型,并将该模型应用于MERIS和环境一号卫星高光谱卫星影像上以验证该方法的适用性.结果表明:①针对太湖和巢湖水体,总悬浮物浓度最优反演波段范围为730～832nm(氧气吸收带除外);②针对MERIS数据,波段10(中心波长754 nm)和波段12(中心波长779 nm)均适用于太湖总悬浮物浓度反演,而波段11(中心波长761 nm)由于氧气吸收带的影响不适用于总悬浮物浓度反演;③针对太湖MERIS数据,模型反演结果的相对误差基本上呈现出随距离卫星过境时间增大而逐渐增加的趋势,在卫星过境时间正负3 h内测量的样点,模型反演结果的相对误差均在50%以内,而时间差超过3 h,相对误差则逐渐增大到50%以上;④环境一号卫星高光谱数据17个波段(B83～B99)均能够对巢湖总悬浮物浓度进行较好的反演,其反演效果要好于MERIS数据在太湖的反演结果.     

栅藻LX1在水产养殖废水中的生长、脱氮除磷和油脂积累特性

利用高含油脂微藻处理废水,可以实现废水处理与生物柴油生产的耦合,已成为废水处理领域新的研究方向.研究了1株高含油脂的淡水栅藻LX1（Scenedesmus sp.LX1）在水产养殖废水中的生长、脱氮除磷和油脂积累特性.结果表明,栅藻LXl在该废水中的内禀生长速率、最大种群密度和最大种群生物量增长速率分别为0.44 d-1、7.46×106个.mL-1和0.82×106个.（mL.d）-1.培养至稳定期后,栅藻LXl对废水中的氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮和磷的去除率分别为95.5%、96.3%、85.8%和98.8%;其生物量干重为0.38 g.L-1,单位藻细胞油脂含量高达31.6%.因此,栅藻LXl在水产养殖废水的净化和资源化方面具有较大优势,适于作为耦合工艺的优选藻种.     

恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida LY1）共代谢降解苯酚和4-氯苯酚系统的降解动力学研究

对恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida LY1）共代谢降解苯酚和4-氯苯酚（4-CP）系统进行了降解实验和动力学研究.结果表明,恶臭假单胞菌可以有效地降解苯酚,苯酚浓度为50mg·L-1时细菌生长速度最快,4-氯苯酚浓度的增加会对细菌产生一定的抑制作用.同时,用改进的Haldane方程模拟恶臭假单胞菌LY...