农业旅游的空间分布特征分析——基于全国359个农业旅游示范点的研究

农业旅游对发展新农村具有重大的推动作用，已经成为近年来研究的一个热点课题。以国家旅游局命名的359个农业旅游示范点为研究对象，通过对农业旅游示范点的空间分布概况以及分布密度、客源市场空间联系的分析，揭示了农业旅游的空间分布特征，据此对我国目前的农业旅游分区进行了探讨，提出了四大分区的构想。     

The foundations of planetary agrarianism. Thomas Berry and Liberty Hyde Bailey

The challenge of pursuing sustainability in agriculture is often viewed as mainly or wholly technical in nature, requiring the reform of farming methods and the development and adoption of alternative technologies. Likewise, the purpose of sustainability is frequently cast in utilitarian terms, as a means of protecting a valuable resource (i.e., soil) and of satisfying market demands for healthy, tasty food. Paul B. Thompson has argued that the embrace of these views by many in the consumer/environmental movement enables easy co-optation by agribusiness. It also reflects a critical weakness in this movement: a lack of commitment to philosophical principles that depart from the utilitarian premises of the industrial model of agriculture. This paper draws on the writings of Thomas Berry and Liberty Hyde Bailey to identify the philosophical principles of what we call planetary agrarianism. From the perspective of planetary agrarianism, the pursuit of sustainability is a broad and challenging moral, educational, and political task. Berry helps us see that it is fundamentally a project of worldview transition, which requires a new cultural narrative that must rival, in form and appeal, the mythic power of the utilitarian industrial vision. Liberty Hyde Bailey, author of The Holy Earth (1915) and a leader in the land-grant education and nature-study movements, took up the project of worldview transition in his life work. While in some ways dated and flawed, Bailey’s writings are a valuable source of guidance for developing and pursuing a viable philosophy of agriculture for the 21st century.     

ADAPTING EXISTING MODELS TO EXAMINE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION PROGRAMS ON STREAM HABITAT QUALITY1

Annual expenditures by the federal government in the United States for agricultural conservation programs increased about 80 percent with passage of the 2002 Farm Bill. However, environmental benefits of these programs have not been quantified. A national project is under way to estimate the effect of conservation practices on environmental resources. The watershed models intended for use in that project are focused on water quantity and quality and have minimal habitat assessment capability. Major impairments to aquatic ecosystems in many watersheds consist of physical habitat degradation, not water quality, suggesting that current models for this national initiative do not address one of the most significant aspects of aquatic ecosystem degradation. Currently used models contain some components relevant to aquatic habitat, and this paper describes specific components that should be added to allow rudimentary stream habitat quality assessments. At least six types of variables could be examined for ecological impact: land use, streamflow, water temperature, streambed material type, large woody debris, and hydraulic conditions at base flow. All of these variables are influenced by the presence, location, and quality of buffers. Generation of stream corridor ecological or habitat quality indices might contribute to assessments of the success or failure of conservation programs. Additional research is needed to refine procedures for combining specific measures of stream habitat into ecologically meaningful indices.     

新时期我国农业灾害统计的改进

农业灾害统计是认识和分析农业灾害问题的主要环节，做好这一工作对于实现我国农业可持续发展具有重要意义。文章在分析我国农业灾害统计存在问题的基础上，指出在新时期为推进我国农业灾害统计工作，必须大力加强农业灾害统计指标体系的构建和统计规范性的建立，改进传统的农业灾害统计方法、流程，并完善农业灾害统计管理等工作。     

我国农业保险发展模式探讨

我国是农业灾害频发的国家,农业灾害造成的损失相当严重。农业保险作为现代农业发展的三大支柱之一,对于促进农业和农村经济的发展具有重大的现实意义。在农业风险特点和农业保险模式选择依据分析的基础上,提出了适合我国国情的农业保险发展模式。     

废弃泥浆对农作物毒性影响研究

通过采用废弃泥浆对水稻、大麦、和小麦的发芽试验及田间实验,对作物生长发育的几项指标的影响差异进行了研究,结果表明：废弃泥浆对作物毒害效应顺序依次为小麦>大麦>水稻。泥浆中的有毒有机物毒性效应较重金属明显,其次,泥浆的致密性也是影响作物生长的主要原因。     

东部沿海地区农户非农就业对农地租赁行为的影响研究

非农就业后农户如何利用农地资源成为决定粮食安全与农民增收的关键。基于生产决策理论剖析了不同情境下农户非农就业对农地租赁行为的影响,并采用东部沿海地区599个农户调查数据进行了检验。结果表明:①有剩余劳动力与无剩余劳动力情景,农户非农就业对农地租赁行为的影响并不一致;②非农就业改变家庭要素禀赋结构与劳动力相对报酬,进而影响农地租赁行为;③东部沿海地区农地租赁行为响应是非农就业特征与外部环境综合作用的结果,其中非农就业规模、非农就业区位、非农就业逆向淘汰程度与农地租出行为呈正相关关系,从事第二产业的农户倾向于租出农地。非农就业规模的农地租赁行为响应存在门槛效应,而非农就业类型的总体影响较小。     

东莞市农业土壤和蔬菜砷含量及其健康风险分析

研究系统采集了东莞市118个农业土壤样品和43个蔬菜样品进行砷含量分析,研究了土壤和蔬菜砷含量及其健康风险。研究发现,东莞市农业土壤砷含量变化范围0.40～28.87mg/kg,平均值12.95mg/kg,远高于东莞市背景值,其中62%的样品砷含量超过国家一级标准限定值,砷含量的变异系数为53.28%,变异程度较大。东莞市各区域土壤砷空间分布不均匀,土壤砷含量平均值大小排序如下:西部平原区环境保护区中部过渡区东南丘陵区。土壤砷主要来源于成土母质,化石燃料燃烧、农药、化肥(磷肥)等工农业活动的输入也不容忽视。东莞市蔬菜砷含量超标比较严重,蔬菜砷对东莞市部分人群存在一定的健康风险。     

东莞市农业土壤和蔬菜铅含量特征分析

重金属元素铅的危害已经引起人们的广泛关注。为了解东莞市农业土壤和蔬菜铅污染的状况,选取了该市118个农业土壤样品和43个蔬菜样品进行铅含量分析。研究发现,东莞市农业土壤铅含量普遍较高,92.4%的样点铅含量超过国家土壤环境质量一级标准,79.7%的样点铅含量高于东莞市背景值,且变异程度较大,土壤铅含量最大值(140.58mg/kg)为最小值(20.36mg/kg)的7倍。各区域农业土壤铅污染程度各异,依据土壤铅含量高低可作如下排序:西部平原区中部过渡区东南丘陵区环境保护区。根据分析,东莞市土壤铅的污染源主要为工业企业"三废"的排放、含铅农药和肥料的大量使用、汽车尾气的排放和大气沉降等。东莞市蔬菜铅含量超标比较严重,特别是油麦菜和生菜,超标率分别达到42.86%和37.5%。不同品种蔬菜对土壤铅的富集能力不同,富集能力顺序依次为:生菜菠菜芥菜、油麦菜、白菜菜心、芹菜。     

北京农业循环经济发展评价研究

借鉴行为-压力-效果-冲击-反应（BPEIR）概念模型及特尔菲法构建区域农业循环经济发展评价指标体系,并通过层次分析法,对1991年至2005年北京市农业循环经济发展水平进行综合评价。分析结果表明：从1991年-2005年北京市农业循环经济在总体上呈上升趋势,年均增长速度为2．44％。其障碍因素呈现出从90年初期的社会经济因素和资源循环利用为主,90年后期资源减量投入为主,而到21世纪主要以资源减量投入、资源循环利用和资源环境安全为主的变化趋势。根据评价结果,为提高北京市农业循环经济发展水平,提出相关建议。