大连市农业循环经济发展主要措施及重大项目简介

"十二五"期间,大连市将投资近100亿元在全市农村全面开展环境综合整治、污染治理、废物资源化循环利用,改善农村生态环境质量,调整产业布局和结构,节能减排,开发新能源,建立有机食品基地,发展生态农业,创建农业生态产业园区,实施农业循环经济发展的重点工程,提高农民收入和生活水平,促进农村经济可持续发展。     

Agricultural pesticide residues of farm runoff in the Okanagan Valley,British Columbia,Canada

The objectives of this study were to determine environmental occurrence and concentrations of selected currently-used-pesticides and some transformation products in agricultural farms in the Okanagan Valley (OKV), and to conduct a simple risk assessment of environmental pesticides levels detected in OKV on non-target aquatic organisms. The OKV is the tree fruit country of the Province of British Columbia where considerable amount of pesticides are applied annually. Water, sediment and soil samples were collected at eleven sites in early June and late September following rainfall events and/or extended periods of irrigation from drainage ditches and/or from small streams. Undisturbed reference sites were also sampled. Study results showed that forty of the eighty chemicals analyzed, including organochlorine, nitrogen-containing and organophosphate pesticides commonly used for OKV crops, were detected in runoff and small stream water samples. Among which, endosulfan-sulfate was the most frequently detected chemical. Also, azinophos-methyl (0.699–25.5 ng/L), diazinon (0.088–214 ng/L) exceeded, and α-, β- endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate approached the guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.     

基于层次全息模型的农业土地利用环境风险识别

提出了基于层次全息模型(HHM)框架识别农业土地利用环境风险的方法:通过构建农业土地利用环境风险识别的HHM框架,从多维度描述农业土地利用过程中存在的9大类别风险源,并应用双重标准风险矩阵方法对各类别风险源进行初步筛选、过滤和分级;在此基础上,依据多重准则标准和定量化风险矩阵进一步对各个环境风险因子进行定量评估.以湖南省桃江县为例,应用HHM风险识别方法对该县农地利用的环境风险进行系统识别,结果表明桃江县农地利用的主要环境风险源包括重金属污染、水体富营养化、污水灌溉和工厂排污.     

Direct electrochemical detection of glyphosate at carbon paste electrode and its determination in samples of milk,orange juice,and agricultural formulation

Abstract

This paper describes a simple, inexpensive, highly sensitive, selective, and efficient electrochemical method to determine glyphosate (GLY) in samples of milk, orange juice, and agricultural formulation. The oxidation reaction on the electrode surface was electrochemically characterised by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The investigation of GLY at carbon paste electrode revealed a non-reversible oxidation peak at +0.95 V versus Ag/AgCl, which was used for electrochemical detection of GLY. The operating parameters (pH, frequency, step potential, and amplitude) were optimised in relation to the peak current intensity, and a calibration curve was set up in a concentration range of 4.40?×?10^?8–2.80?×?10^?6 mol L^?1, with a detection limit of 2?×?10^?9 mol L^?1. After calibration curve was plotted, the developed procedure was applied to determine GLY in previously contaminated samples: milk and orange juice, and in a commercial formulation, obtaining recovery values between 98.31% and 103.75%. These results show that the proposed method can be used for GLY quantification in different samples with high sensitivity, specificity, stability, and reproducibility.     

Influence of several fungicides on the antioxidant activity of red wines (var. Monastrell)

The antioxidant activity of wines obtained from grapes treated with six fungicides (famoxadone, fenhexamid, fluquinconazole, kresoxim-methyl, quinoxyfen and trifloxystrobin) was investigated. Two field trials in triplicate were carried out for each formulation of the fungicide at the recommended dose of the manufacturer. The first trial was carried out under good agricultural practices (GAP), following the recommended pre-harvest interval, and the second one under critical agricultural practices (CAP) that involves treating the same field just before the harvest. The residue levels were determined by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass detectors (GC-MS and LC-MS). The antioxidant activity was determined in the wines obtained from the thirteen trials including one control, six from treated grapes obeying the pre-harvest interval, and six from grapes treated at the day of harvest or at most unfavorable conditions. Elimination of 40–100% of the initial fungicide residues present in grapes was observed during the wine-making process. It can be inferred from the results that the use of these fungicides did not produce any decrease of the antioxidant activity in the wines (7.19 ± 0.22 mmol Trolox/L for the blank wine versus a range of 6.45 ± 0.82 mmol Trolox/L to 10.06 ± 0.59 mmol Trolox/L for the treated wines) at the pre-harvest interval and most unfavorable conditions. Nevertheless, the presence of famoxadone, kresoxim-methyl and quinoxyfen increased the antioxidant activity and this was directly related to their residue levels in the grapes. Also, the wine phenolic composition was altered in variable intensity by the presence of the fungicide residues.     

Possible linkages between lignite aquifers, pathogenic microbes, and renal pelvic cancer in northwestern Louisiana, USA

In May and September, 2002, 14 private residential drinking water wells, one dewatering well at a lignite mine, eight surface water sites, and lignite from an active coal mine were sampled in five Parishes of northwestern Louisiana, USA. Using a geographic information system (GIS), wells were selected that were likely to draw water that had been in contact with lignite; control wells were located in areas devoid of lignite deposits. Well water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, organic compounds, and nutrient and anion concentrations. All samples were further tested for presence of fungi (cultures maintained for up to 28 days and colonies counted and identified microscopically) and for metal and trace element concentration by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry. Surface water samples were tested for dissolved oxygen and presence of pathogenic leptospiral bacteria. The Spearman correlation method was used to assess the association between the endpoints for these field/laboratory analyses and incidence of cancer of the renal pelvis (RPC) based on data obtained from the Louisiana Tumor Registry for the five Parishes included in the study. Significant associations were revealed between the cancer rate and the presence in drinking water of organic compounds, the fungi Zygomycetes, the nutrients PO₄ and NH₃, and 13 chemical elements. Presence of human pathogenic leptospires was detected in four out of eight (50%) of the surface water sites sampled. The present study of a stable rural population examined possible linkages between aquifers containing chemically reactive lignite deposits, hydrologic conditions favorable to the␣leaching and transport of toxic organic compounds from the lignite into the groundwater, possible microbial contamination, and RPC risk.     

长江三角洲典型地区农田土壤中多氯联苯残留状况

选择地处长江三角洲的苏南某市为试区,对该市农田土壤中18种PCBs同系物的残留量进行了调研,以揭示非污染区农田土壤中PCBs的残留现状,以及各种同系物在农田土壤中的分布特征.结果表明:PCBs残留总量介于数十至数千ng·kg^-1水平,除PCB₇₇未检出外,其它17种PCBs同系物有不同程度地检出,残留量及检出率最高的分别是PCB₁₃₈和PCB₁₈₀.土壤的不同利用方式对PCBs残留量有一定影响,水稻土中PCBs残留量最高,传统菜地中PCBs残留量最低.不同利用方式土壤中同系物残留的分布状况具有不同的特征,而同系物的分布特征从一定程度上能反映污染物的来源:稻土中PCBs主要来源于灌溉水,而传统蔬菜地PCBs主要来源为大气降尘,大棚土壤中PCBs则主要来自于农用化学品.     

Economic assessment of producing a fluting paper using agricultural residues – a case study: Iran,Mazandaran Province

Given limited forest resources and increased paper consumption and imports, establishing fluting paper mills using non-wood raw materials seems more essential than ever. This paper aims to investigate, technically and economically, the possibility of establishing a fluting paper mill (with a capacity of 10,000 tons a year) from agricultural residues in Iran's Mazandaran province. The average annual agricultural residues output (including wheat, barley, rice, corn, oil seeds and cotton) in the province was about 1.3 million tons from 2000 to 2010, showing the potential of the province as an appropriate source for providing raw material from agricultural residues. For economic evaluation of the project, economic indices such as rate of return, pay-back period and production break-even point were measured. The results indicated that establishing a fluting paper mill based on agricultural residues is feasible.     

江苏沿江地区农业产业化地域类型与发展研究

农业产业化经营是新形势下我国农业生产发展的必然趋势。20世纪90年代江苏沿江地区开始了农业产业化经营,现已产生了良好的效果,形成了加工企业带动型、流通企业牵引型、专业市场辐射型、新型合作经济组织依托型、主导产品推进型和外向型农业导入型等多种农业产业化地域类型,对促进江苏沿江地区农业增效、农民增收和农村经济发展产生了重要作用。实现江苏沿江地区农业产业化进一步发展的途径是：构筑农业创新体系,包括完善农村市场组织体制和农业运行机制、建立新型的农业投资机制、创新农业土地流转机制和转变行政、农业科研部门的服务职能;进一步调整与优化农村经济、农业和农产品结构,加快建设区域专门化农业生产基地;加强农业技术革新和农业科技示范园的建设,提高农业科技进步贡献率;建设适应现代市场竞争条件下的农业经营理念,实现传统农业向现代农业的跨越。     

区域农业市场化发展对水土流失的影响--以江西省为例

为了检验区域农业市场化发展对于水土流失的影响,以江西省为例,结合对水土流失驱动力因素的分析,构建了区域水土流失驱动力模型,并据此分析了1988~2000年区域农业市场化发展对水土流失治理的贡献。结果表明,农业市场化程度的提高,有利于提高水土流失治理的效率。1988~2000年,江西省的农业市场化水平提高了15.2％,由此通过农户行为作用,水土流失面积减少61.4471万hm2,相当于2000年水土流失面积的18.36％。因此,区域农业市场化程度每提高1％,水土流失面积将减少40.43万hm2。最后,就区域农业市场化进程中如何进一步推进水土流失治理,提高水土保持效果,提出了相关建议。