我国大气污染源排放清单发展历程和对策建议

为进一步推动我国大气污染源排放清单的发展,详细回顾了我国大气污染源排放清单的发展历程及面临的挑战.我国大气污染源排放清单起步于20世纪80年代,2000年之后尤其是2014年,原环境保护部发布了一系列大气污染源排放清单编制技术指南,使我国大气污染源排放清单工作得到了迅速发展.30多年来基本形成了结合我国实际情况的大气污染源分类、大气污染物排放系数、大气污染物排放量确定方法等大气污染源排放清单相关技术方法.但目前我国尚未建立起排放清单编制的规范化工作程序,国家、省级和城市级环保部门在大气污染源排放清单工作中的分工尚不明晰,清单编制没有融入日常环境管理工作中,现有排放清单工作和研究成果相对分散、缺乏系统性,排放清单对环境管理的支撑作用尚未得到充分发挥.在综合分析了我国大气污染源排放清单取得的进展和面临挑战的基础上,提出如下建议:进一步完善我国大气污染源排放清单技术体系,使排放清单工作制度化、程序化、规范化,明确国家、省级和城市级环保部门在大气污染源排放清单工作中发挥的作用,使大气污染源排放清单成为各级环保部门每年必须完成的工作;进一步推广结合网格化管理、基于区县和乡镇调研的城市大气污染源排放清单编制技术;加强排放清单校核和不确定性分析研究等.      

泉州市环境空气质量现状、影响因素及综合防治对策

随着我国各方面综合实力的不断提高,生产、建筑等方面对自然环境造成的污染是极大的,人们生活水平提高的同时也越来越关注城市内大气污染问题。如何治理大气污染,保持人与自然的和谐发展,已经成为当前人们共同面临的一个难题。泉州市地处福建省东南沿海,是我国"一带一路"战略海上丝绸之路的先行区。在经济高速发展的同时,工业企业、机动车数量快速增加,大气污染过程偶有发生,作为国家环保模范城市,其大气环境问题得到越来越多的关注,因此提出有效的综合防治对策势在必行。本文结合泉州市自然(气象、地形)与社会经济(产业布局)等因素,分析了泉州市不同季节大气颗粒物污染成因,并提出有针对性的大气颗粒物污染综合防治对策与管理措施。     

杭州市工业源VOCs排放清单及排放特征

杭州市作为2016年国际峰会、2022年亚运会等一系列重大活动的举办地,对VOC源排放清单的研究,尤其是工业源VOCs的影响越来越受到管理部门和当地居民的重视.通过采取自下而上的方式,首次对杭州市涉及VOCs排放的30多个行业的3 518家企业逐一进行了详细的调查和估算,并在此基础上建立了杭州市工业源VOCs排放清单.从区域排放、排放强度、空间分布等不同角度对杭州市工业源VOCs排放特征进行了系统分析.研究结果表明,2015年杭州市工业源VOCs排放量为36 839.5 t;印刷和记录媒介复制、化学原料和化学制品制造、金属制品、纺织、橡胶和塑料制品行业是杭州市工业源VOCs排放量最大的五个行业;排放总量最大是萧山区,其次是富阳区和大江东产业集聚区;工业源VOCs排放强度最高的区域为富阳区、建德市和临安市;工业源VOCs排放主要集中在萧山区、大江东、富阳区、余杭区等工业企业较为密集的区域.     

空气微生物对铜陵市环境质量的指示作用

所测铜陵市区空气的平均细菌含量约４１８１．５ＣＦＵ．ｍ－３，总菌含量约４４９５．９ＣＦＵ．ｍ－３。与许多中国的大中城市比，污染不重，结果指示铜陵空气尚处于正常状态之中。     

连云港市大气、水环境污染经济损失初步估算

实行环境核算并将其纳入国民经济核算体系。是实施可持续发展战略的重大措施。本文对连云港市的大气、水环境污染损失进行估算并将其纳入到国民经济核算体系中。结果显示：1996—2000年连云港市大气、水污染损失年均分别为51623．4万元和135215．7万元，占GDP比重的2．2％和5．2％。合计高达7．4％。这表明大气和水污染损失的严重性。以GDP为主要衡量指标的现行国民经济核算体系过高地估计了连云港市的经济增长水平。掩饰了环境的退化，不利于可持续发展的科学决策和环境的管理。     

A new report of mesomelic camptomelia,polydactyly and Dandy–Walker complex in siblings

Two male siblings with several malformations are reported. The anomalies detected in both fetuses were mesomelic camptomelia, postaxial hexadactyly and Dandy–Walker complex. There was only one similar previous report in the literature. This combination could represent a specific pattern of malformation or a new syndrome, with different variants. The parents' consanguinity and the recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seasonal variations of Rn concentrations in the air of a tunnel located in Nagano city

The seasonal variation of 222Rn concentrations in the air of tunnels constructed during World War II at Nagano City has been investigated. The determination of 222Rn concentrations in tunnel air was performed using a solid-state nuclear track detector technique. The monthly radon concentrations changed smoothly, decreasing towards winter and increasing towards summer, and it was found that the concentrations strongly correlate with the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the tunnel. In the innermost areas of the tunnel, the maximum concentration was observed in July, its value being about 6500 Bq m (-3). The concentrations of radon in the tunnel air decrease exponentially towards the openings of the tunnel, which indicates that the radon concentration in the tunnel is basically governed by diffusion and mixing of radon gas with air. These observations lead to the conclusion that the seasonal variation of the radon concentration in the tunnel air is mainly caused by a convection current due to a stack effect induced by the temperature difference between the tunnel air and the outside air.     

丰镇发电厂送风系统噪声原因分析及降噪研究

振动和噪声普遍存在于火电厂锅炉送风系统中 ,是电厂噪声污染的一个重要来源 ,严重影响电厂安全、经济、文明运行。有效地降低送风系统的振动和噪声是火电厂急需解决的问题。笔者针对丰镇火电厂送风系统结构和运行参数 ,对由此产生的噪声进行了细致的测量 ,分析了产生振动和噪声的原因 ,认为送风机蜗舌处产生的气动噪声和管道二次涡流是引发送风系统振动和噪声的主要原因。根据产生振动和噪声的原因 ,并结合电厂要求 ,进行了技术改造即在直管中安装栅格网及弯管处安装导流栅以消除局部涡流。技术改造方案实施后经测量的结果表明 ,冷风道的噪声下降了 7～ 1 6dB ,明显降低了送风系统的振动和噪声。     

Application of micrometeorological approaches to measure methane exchange in a dry paddy field in the western coast of Korea

The exchange processes of CH₄ were investigated in a paddy field in the Hari area of Kang Hwa Island over an 8 day period in late April 2002. The quantification of CH₄ fluxes was made under dry field condition of early spring by concurrently measuring its concentrations (at the two heights of 1 and 5 m) and the relevant micrometeorological parameters. To help elucidate the factors determining the mobilization characteristics of CH₄, the results of our measurement data were examined using a number of approaches. The results of the trajectory analysis indicated that its concentration changed very sensitively with the influence of different source types, as seen from the air mass movement patterns. The concentrations and fluxes of methane, when examined over this short-term scale, showed moderately strong patterns across 24 h period in which higher values tend to occur during morning or evening. The overall results of our field measurements suggest that CH₄ exchange processes in the paddy area proceeded in a fairly complicated manner. The study area behaved as a net source of CH₄ to the atmosphere with a net daily emission rate of 3.6 mg m⁻² despite the fact that downward deposition was observed more frequently than upward emission.