细粒含量对粉土液化特性影响的试验研究

采用动三轴仪进行粉土液化试验,研究了不同干密度、有效围压、粉粒含量及粘粒含量变化对饱和粉土液化特性的影响。试验结果表明:干密度增加,粉土动强度增加;不同有效围压对动强度的影响不大,其他条件相同时归一化的动强度比基本不变;粘粒含量和粉粒含量对粉土动强度有较大影响。粉土中粘粒含量变化对动强度的影响规律并不是单调变化的,而是在粘粒含量为8%时粉土动强度达到最小值;粉土中粉粒含量变化对动强度影响是单调线性关系,随着粉土中粉粒含量的增加,粉土动强度也线性增加。粉土中粘粒含量和粉土含量对其动强度的影响规律需从粉土的微观结构角度解释。     

基于无人机平台的甲烷监测技术及其在油气行业的应用

对甲烷排放的精准监测是油气行业实现温室气体减排与管控的基础和前提。无人机具有灵活、可操作性强、覆盖范围广、运行成本低等特点,以无人机为飞行平台的甲烷监测技术在油气行业区域甲烷排放监测领域具有巨大的应用潜力。详细阐述了基于无人机平台的甲烷监测技术的优势,梳理了不同的无人机类型,并根据其飞行性能及载荷能力进行了比对,归纳了无人机有效载荷类型、特点及应用场景,总结了国内外无人机甲烷监测技术在油气行业的应用,旨在为基于无人机平台的甲烷监测技术在我国油气行业的应用提供理论和技术参考。     

机载电子装备若干环境工程问题研究

装备环境适应性与装备的功能、性能和可靠性等一样．也是装备的重要质量特性之一。研究表明装备环境工程与装备环境适应性密切相关．目前我国环境工程工作尚处于起步阶段。在对装备环境工程概念进行简要阐述的基础上,结合自身工作实际情况,对当前我国机栽电子装备在环境工程方面面临的问题进行了讨论和分析．并从使用方的角度提出了对策建议。     

论城市室内环境中气溶胶污染问题

本文全面评述了室内环境中气溶胶的种类来源,化学组成,形成和自然清除机理。空气环境中气溶胶大致可分为：１．燃烧型气溶胶,主要包括各类燃料燃烧产生的烟雾和烟草烟雾等;２．矿物型气溶胶,包括粉尘,飞灰,石棉及其它天然纤维尘等;３．生物型气溶胶,包括植物生气溶胶,如动物皮屑及各类微生物等。     

Granulometric and Metal Distributions for Post‐Katrina Surficial Particulate Matter Recovered From New Orleans1

Bhadha, Jehangir H., Casey Schmidt, Robert Rooney, Paul Indeglia, Ruben Kertesz, Elizabeth Bevc, and John Sansalone, 2009. Granulometric and Metal Distributions for Post‐Katrina Surficial Particulate Matter Recovered From New Orleans. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1434‐1447. Abstract: Hurricane Katrina and the resulting failure of the levees that surrounded and protected New Orleans generated a significant detained volume of stormwater within the urban area of New Orleans. Between the inundation resulting from levee failure and eventual pumped evacuation of stormwater from the urban area of New Orleans, a large mass of storm‐entrained particulate matter (PM) was deposited in the inundated areas. This study examined the granulometry and granulometric distribution of metals for post‐Katrina surficial PM deposits recovered from 15 sites (10 inundated and 5 non‐inundated) in New Orleans. Results of this examination were compared to pre‐Katrina data from New Orleans. While post‐Katrina analysis of PM indicates that Pb, Zn, and Cu concentrations for PM are reduced for all sites, inundated sites had higher Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations for the settleable (～25‐75 μm) and sediment (>75 μm) size fractions. A comparison between total metal concentration and the bioavailable (leachable) fraction for PM reveals that inundated sites had up to 19% higher leachable metal concentration compared to non‐inundated sites. The reduction in PM‐bound total metal concentrations for recovered PM can be explained through a combination of scouring (and therefore change in granulometry from pre‐Katrina) that resulted from transport of suspended PM by storm flows and pumped evacuation; as well as leaching and PM‐based redistribution from extended contact with rainfall and during stormwater detention. New Orleans has been exposed to elevated levels of metals through decades of activities that include vehicular transportation, chemical, industrial, and oil production facilities resulting in higher metal concentrations for urban soil‐residual complexes. As a result, the influent storm flows associated with Katrina as an episodic event cannot solely explain the distribution and fate of PM‐associated metal concentrations.     

建筑物对高架点源大气污染物扩散影响的模拟研究

运用数值方法对城市中高架点源排放大气污染物的扩散规律进行了模拟研究,在计算区域内建立了三维数学模型,并将拉格朗日法描述的颗粒轨道模型耦合到风场。本研究计算了地面风速为3 m/s时的大气流场,并模拟研究了该风场条件下气体污染物的扩散和固体颗粒污染物的运动轨迹。通过分析模拟结果,给出了高架点源中排放的气体污染物的扩散区域和固体颗粒污染物运动轨迹的变化规律。     

微通道内细颗粒驻波会聚/分离过程的数值模拟

为了研究微通道内可吸入颗粒的声波会聚现象,在两相流的框架下,对三出口微通道颗粒分离元件实现了声-流场中的颗粒运动的两相流动计算;计算方法中,首次提出的颗粒方程全导数离散方法,并成功运用于两相流动颗粒轨道的计算;模拟结果表明了超声换能器的长度对颗粒会聚的影响和出口流量对颗粒分离的影响。计算结果为三出口微通道颗粒分离元件的设计和应用提供参考。     

混沌粒子群算法在水污染控制系统规划中的应用

针对常用的最优化方法解决水污染控制系统规划问题运算过程较复杂,容易陷入局部极值,且优化解精度不高的情况,尝试利用混沌方法和粒子群算法相结合的混沌粒子群算法(chaos particle swarm optimization,CPSO)求解此类问题。CPSO算法具有原理简单,且能快速获得最优解的特点。在实例应用中与遗传算法和MATLAB优化函数的优化结果做了比较,CPSO算法的性能以及得到的解明显优于后两种方法,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

一种基于BP网络和粒子群算法的拱坝可靠度分析方法

为了进行极限状态方程不明确的大型结构可靠度分析,提出了结合神经网络和粒子群优化计算拱坝可靠度的算法。确定性力学分析采用ANSYS软件,利用BP神经网络来模拟高度非线性映射关系的功能函数,基于罚函数和粒子群优化法进行可靠指标计算。综合C语言、ANSYS的APDL二次开发以及MATLAB混合编程技术,编制了该算法的可靠度分析程序。算例表明,该方法适应于隐式功能函数的复杂结构可靠度分析。     

Understanding the granulation process of activated sludge in a biological phosphorus removal sequencing batch reactor

The granulation of activated sludge was investigated using two parallel sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) operated in biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal conditions though the reactor configuration and operating parameters did not favor the granulation. Granules were not observed when the SBR was operated in biological nitrogen removal period for 30 d. However, aerobic granules were formed naturally without the increase of aeration intensity when enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was achieved. It can be detected that plenty of positive charged particles were formed with the release of phosphorus during the anaerobic period of EBPR. The size of the particles was about 5-20 μm and their highest positive ζ potential was about 73 mV. These positive charged particles can stimulate the granulation. Based on the experimental results, a hypothesis was proposed to interpret the granulation process of activated sludge in the EBPR process in SBR. Dense and compact subgranules were formed stimulated by the positive charged particles. The subgranules grew gradually by collision, adhesion and attached growth of bacteria. Finally, the extrusion and shear of hydrodynamic shear force would help the maturation of granules. Aerobic granular SBR showed excellent biological phosphorus removal ability. The average phosphorus removal efficiency was over 95% and the phosphorus in the effluent was below 0.50 mg L⁻¹ during the operation.